Suplementação de enzimas amilase, fitase e protease para codornas japonesas em postura

Abstract

1 Recebido para publicação em 05/11/14. Aceito para publicação em 15/06/15. 2 Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Departamento de Zootecnia, Lavras, MG, Brasil. *Autor correspondente: josimarsantrib@hotmail.com RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação das enzimas amilase, fitase e protease de formas isoladas e em associação, em dietas para codornas japonesas em postura. Foram utilizadas 300 codornas, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições de dez aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram: uma dieta controle e dietas formuladas com a suplementação de 300 ppm de amilase, 300 ppm de protease e 500 FTU/kg de fitase e com a associação de enzimas. Nas fórmulas com inclusão de enzimas houve aplicação de redução na exigência nutricional de um ou mais dos seguintes componentes: proteína, aminoácidos digestíveis, energia, cálcio e fósforo, valorizando o uso das enzimas. As avaliações foram realizadas em quatro períodos de 21 dias cada. Foram avaliados desempenho (produção média de ovos, consumo de ração, peso médio dos ovos e conversão alimentar), qualidade dos ovos (proporção dos constituintes do ovo e peso específico dos ovos) e digestibilidade dos nutrientes da ração (coeficiente de metabolizabilidade aparente da matéria seca e da proteína bruta). Não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos nas variáveis analisadas (P>0,05), indicando que as enzimas têm efeito benéfico, isoladamente ou em associação, mantendo o desempenho e qualidade dos ovos de codornas japonesas.Palavras-chave: avicultura, coturnicultura, nutrição, qualidade de ovos. SUPPLEMENTATION OF LAYING JAPANESE QUAIL WITH AMYLASE, PHYTASE AND PROTEASEABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of diets for laying Japanese quail with amylase, phytase and protease alone or in combination. Threehundred quail were assigned to a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments and six repetitions, with 10 animals per experimental unit. The treatments were: a control diet and diets supplemented with 300 ppm amylase, 300 ppm protease and 500 phytase units (FTU)/ kg and the combination of these enzymes. In the diets containing the enzymes, the nutritional requirements of one or more of the following components were reduced: protein, digestible amino acids, energy, calcium and phosphorus, giving priority to the use of enzymes. The evaluations were performed over four periods of 21 days each. Performance (mean egg production, feed intake, mean egg weight, and feed conversion), egg quality (proportion of egg constituents and specific egg weight), and dietary nutrient digestibility (apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter and crude protein) were evaluated. There was no significant effect of the treatments on the variables analyzed (P>0.05), indicating that the enzymes, alone or in combination, have beneficial effects, maintaining performance and egg quality of Japanese quail.

The effect of dietary phytase and various available phosphorus levels on performance and egg quality in Japanese quail

“…Furthermore, because the evaluations were done with fresh eggs, the effect of the storage time on these eggs could not be evaluated, because in general, albumen quality is more influenced by time and storage resistance. The data agree with those reported by Ribeiro et al (2015), who found no changes in the percentage parameters of clear areas when adding phytase in the diet of laying quails. Similarly, Rezende et al (2013), when evaluating the inclusion of phytase in the diet of light laying hens, found no differences in the evaluation of the Haugh units of poultry eggs.…”

“…The performance results are presented in Table 2, demonstrating no differences in production(P=0.920) or egg weight (P=0.166).The behavior observed in the present study corroborates the efficacy of phytase effects in making phytic phosphorus available, and it is possible to reduce the levels of total phosphorus of the rations without altering egg production. A similar result was reported by Lima et al (2011) The results agree with those of Zahran et al (2012) and Ribeiro et al (2015) who worked with laying quails, with those of Resende (2013) and Ferreira et al (2015), who worked with light laying hens, and with those of Sacakli et al (2005), Blake & Hess (2013) and Pirzado et al (2016) who worked with broiler quails; none found differences in terms of egg production or egg weight, supplemented or not with phytase. The absence of significant differences in performance data can be explained in part by the 21-day experimental period used, because birds have phosphorus reserves in the bones, and the period may not have been long enough to promote reduction or phosphorus deficiency in quails, with a consequent fall in yield.…”

“…Lower use of plant phosphorus occurs because of complexation in the phytic form, rendering it unavailable for birds (Franceschina et al, 2016), with consequent elimination of the mineral in feces, further increasing the negative impact this residue on the environment. Intake of phytic acid increases the excretion of amino acids, energy and minerals (Ribeiro et al, 2015), forming a wide variety of insoluble salts with cations such as calcium, zinc, copper, cobalt, manganese, iron and magnesium, negatively influencing digestion and increasing the excretion of these nutrients (Lima et al, 2010).However, the greatest environmental impact occurs on the environmental excretion of phosphorus, not only because it is the mineral present in highest quantities in phytic acid, but also because it leaches to surface water and to groundwater, exacerbating the serious problem of environmental pollution (Lima et al, 2010). There is now strong pressure to reduce phosphorus levels in feed because lower levels allow lower costs and minimize excretion.…”

“…The use of phytase is an alternative that allows plant phosphates to be used, hydrolyzing the molecule in the intestinal lumen and making the phosphorus bioavailable, decreasing its excretion in the environment (Teixeira et al, 2013;Shewita & Ahmed, 2015).Since quails do not express this enzyme endogenously, supplementation constitutes an efficient alternative for improving phosphorus utilization from vegetable grains (Lima et al, 2011). Several studies on the use of phytase have been developed with broilers and laying hens; however, there are few reports on the use of phytase in quail diets, and many professionals in the area extrapolate results obtained with other types of birds, giving rise to unsatisfactory zootechnical indexes in quails (Ribeiro et al, 2015). Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phytase supplementation in Japanese quail diets on the performance and quality parameters of eggs destined for commercial sale.…”

Características produtivas e qualitativas de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes complexos enzimáticos

“…No Brasil, as rações para frangos de corte são constituídas basicamente por milho e farelo de soja (Ribeiro et al, 2015) em média de 60 e 40%, respectivamente (Cardoso et al, 2011) contribuindo com a maior parte do custo da produção (Miranda et al, 2017).…”