Supplemental Protein during Heavy Cycling Training and Recovery Impacts Skeletal Muscle and Heart Rate Responses but Not Performance

D’Lugos, Andrew C.; Luden, Nicholas D.; Faller, Justin M; Akers, Jeremy D.; McKenzie, Alison; Saunders, Michael

doi:10.3390/nu8090550

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This project was ancillary to a larger study designed to assess the effect of carbohydrate-protein supplementation on performance and physiological tolerance to heavy aerobic cycling training (D'Lugos et al, 2016). Ten endurance-trained cyclists enrolled in the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complete training data was previously reported (D'Lugos et al, 2016). Briefly, mean (± SD ) training duration, power output, and heart rate during PRE were: CHO− 62 ± 8 min, 190 ± 29 W, and 150 ± 15 bpm; PRO- 63 ± 6 min, 183 ± 28 W, and 145 ± 13 bpm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, subjects were instructed to record any volume of unfinished post-exercise beverages. Treatment details were previously described (D'Lugos et al, 2016). Briefly, for the carbohydrate intervention, during-exercise drinks consisted of Gatorade® (6% CHO by volume) delivered at 45 g CHO·h −1 whereas post-exercise carbohydrate drinks consisted of a mixture of chocolate flavored energy gels (Clif Shots) that delivered 1.2 g CHO·kg BW −1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A thorough description of the dietary procedures has been previously described (D'Lugos et al, 2016). Dietary intake was also recorded throughout ICT (10 days) and RVT (10 days).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, nothing is known about the satellite cell behavior of trained muscle exposed to an abbreviated block of heavy exercise; a common training strategy practiced by endurance athletes. We had the unique opportunity to examine muscle tissue obtained from a larger investigation of trained cyclists that underwent two separate phases of intensified training and recovery, with and without protein supplementation (D'Lugos et al, 2016). Therefore, our primary aim was to quantify fiber-type specific satellite cells (Pax7+) and myonuclei before and after 10 days of intensified training and again following 10 days of subsequent recovery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fiber Type-Specific Satellite Cell Content in Cyclists Following Heavy Training with Carbohydrate and Carbohydrate-Protein Supplementation

et al. 2016

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The central purpose of this study was to evaluate the fiber type-specific satellite cell and myonuclear responses of endurance-trained cyclists to a block of intensified training, when supplementing with carbohydrate (CHO) vs. carbohydrate-protein (PRO). In a crossover design, endurance-trained cyclists (n = 8) performed two consecutive training periods, once supplementing with CHO (de facto “control” condition) and the other with PRO. Each training period consisted of 10 days of intensified cycle training (ICT–120% increase in average training duration) followed by 10 days of recovery (RVT–reduced volume training; 33% volume reduction vs. normal training). Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before and after ICT and again following RVT. Immunofluorescent microscopy was used to quantify SCs (Pax7+), myonuclei (DAPI+), and myosin heavy chain I (MyHC I). Data are expressed as percent change ± 90% confidence limits. The 10-day block of ICTCHO increased MyHC I SC content (35 ± 28%) and myonuclear density (16 ± 6%), which remained elevated following RVTCHO (SC = 69 ± 50% vs. PRE; Nuclei = 17 ± 15% vs. PRE). MyHC II SC and myonuclei were not different following ICTCHO, but were higher following RVTCHO (SC = +33 ± 31% vs. PRE; Nuclei = 15 ± 14% vs. PRE), indicating a delayed response compared to MyHC I fibers. The MyHC I SC pool increased following ICTPRO (37 ± 37%), but without a concomitant increase in myonuclei. There were no changes in MyHC II SC or myonuclei following ICTPRO. Collectively, these trained endurance cyclists possessed a relatively large pool of SCs that facilitated rapid (MyHC I) and delayed (MyHC II) satellite cell proliferation and myonuclear accretion under carbohydrate conditions. The current findings strengthen the growing body of evidence demonstrating alterations in satellite cell number in the absence of hypertrophy. Satellite cell pool expansion is typically viewed as an advantageous response to exercise. However, when coupled with our previous report that PRO possibly enhanced whole muscle recovery and increased MyHC I and II fiber size, the limited satellite cell/myonuclear response observed with carbohydrate-protein seem to indicate that protein supplementation may have minimized the necessity for satellite cell involvement, thereby suggesting that protein may benefit skeletal muscle during periods of heavy training.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A thorough description of the dietary procedures has been previously described (D'Lugos et al, 2016). Dietary intake was also recorded throughout ICT (10 days) and RVT (10 days).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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