Supplementation of antioxidant micronutrients reduces stress and improves immune function/response in periparturient dairy cows and their calves

Alhussien, Mohanned Naif; Tiwari, S. K.; Panda, B.; Pandey, Yogesh; Lathwal, S. S.; Dang, Ajay Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126718

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Sun et al, (2019) [ 122 ] reported that 0.3 mg/kg DM hydroxy-selenomethionine (HMSeBA) decreases some parameters (e.g., NO, MDA) of heat stress-induced oxidative stress. The supplementation of HMSeBA (0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 mg of Se/kg of DM) linearly increased the activities of serum GSH-Px and SOD, but decreased MDA content [ 123 ]. Lower stress levels and higher immune response were observed when 60 ppm Zn were supplemented to the TMR diet of healthy multiparous cows [ 124 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Specific Feed Additives Alleviating Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress in Dairy Cows: Insights into the Mechanistic Mode of Actions and Mitigating Strategies

et al. 2021

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This review examines several molecular mechanisms underpinning oxidative stress in ruminants and their effects on blood and milk oxidative traits. We also investigate strategies to alleviate or repair oxidative damages by improving animal immune functions using novel feed additives. Microbial pathogenic cells, feeding management, and body condition score were some of the studied factors, inducing oxidative stress in ruminants. The predominance of Streptococcus spp. (24.22%), Acinetobacter spp. (21.37%), Romboutsia spp. (4.99%), Turicibacter spp., (2.64%), Stenotrophomonas spp. (2.33%), and Enterococcus spp. (1.86%) was found in the microbiome of mastitis cows with a decrease of d-mannose and increase of xanthine:guanine ratio when Streptococcus increased. Diversity of energy sources favoring the growth of Fusobacterium make it a keystone taxon contributing to metritis. Ruminal volatile fatty acids rose with high-concentrate diets that decreased the ruminal pH, causing a lysis of rumen microbes and release of endotoxins. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities increased in high concentrate cows accompanied by a reduction of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activity. In addition, albumin and paraoxonase concentrations were inversely related to oxidative stress and contributed to the protection of low-density and high-density lipoproteins against lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl, and lactoperoxidase. High concentrate diets increased the expression of MAPK pro-inflammatory genes and decreased the expression of antioxidant genes and proteins in mammary epithelial tissues. The expression levels of NrF2, NQO1, MT1E, UGT1A1, MGST3, and MT1A were downregulated, whereas NF-kB was upregulated with a high-grain or high concentrate diet. Amino-acids, vitamins, trace elements, and plant extracts have shown promising results through enhancing immune functions and repairing damaged cells exposed to oxidative stress. Further studies comparing the long-term effect of synthetic feed additives and natural plant additives on animal health and physiology remain to be investigated.

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Section: The Role Of Specific Feed Additives Alleviating Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress in Dairy Cows: Insights into the Mechanistic Mode of Actions and Mitigating Strategies

et al. 2021

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“…Minerals supplementation in hot climates must be seen not just as a simple means of covering the requirement of a specific nutrient, but also as a means of mitigating the influence of heat stress during the summer season (Calamari et al 2011). Micronutrient (Vitamin A, E and Zinc) supplementation during the prepartum period can enhance dairy cow's health and as a result improved the well-being of their calves (Alhussien et al 2021). Similarly, the inclusion of antioxidant micronutrients (Cu, Zn and vitamins A and E) in to the buffalo rations enhanced udder health by lowering 342 SINGH ET AL.…”

Section: Mineral Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional management of dairy animals for sustained production under heat stress scenario

Singh

Somagond

Deshpande

2021

Indian J of Anim Sci

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Dairy industry plays a significant role in the agriculture sector for sustainable growth. Heat stress, on the other hand, has been proven to have a detrimental impact on dairy output in terms of growth, reproductive performance and milk production in dairy animals, especially in tropical areas. Heat stress is one of the most significant issues facing the dairy industry, as rising temperatures and humidity limit animal productivity throughout the summer, resulting in devastating economic repercussions. The purpose of this review is to gather knowledge on the effects of heat stress on dairy output and how to ameliorate them. The diversion of energy resources from the production to the adaptation pathway may be responsible for the loss in productive capacity of dairy animals, when they are exposed to heat stress. There are different approaches pertaining to relieving the adverse effects of heat stress on dairy production system. These approaches may be classified into three major categories viz. genetic, management and nutritional interventions. These approaches might help dairy animals to perform better by reducing the harmful impacts of heat stress. Appropriate shelter design, giving shade, employing sprinklers, installing cooling devices, and using fans and ventilation systems are among the management strategies. The nutritional interventions comprise ration balancing and providing essential micronutrients to improve the productive and reproductive performance. Some of the most widely used dietary measures to ensure optimal production are inclusion of protein or fat (prill fat), micronutrients antioxidants (vitamins and minerals) and some feed additives (Astaxanthin, betaine, melatonin, Chlorophytum borivilianum) in the diet. These antioxidants and feed additives can be used to attenuate the negative effects of environmental stress. Furthermore, providing adequate energy and antioxidants help to ensure optimum growth, milk production and reproduction efficiency during heat stress. This review provides an overview of the consequences of heat stress on dairy animals, emphasizes essential nutritional strategies for heat stress reduction in dairy animals, and evaluates the influence of various feed supplements on growth, productivity and physiology.

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“…Zinc deficiency in dairy calves can impair immune function and exacerbate infectious diseases such as diarrhea and malaria (8). Accumulated studies have shown that supplementation with zinc enhances the growth performance and immunity of calves (9)(10)(11)(12). Furthermore, organic zinc is generally considered to be more bioavailable than inorganic forms, owning to its enhanced ability to promote the expression of tight junction proteins and zinc transporters in the intestine (13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation With Zinc Proteinate Increases the Growth Performance by Reducing the Incidence of Diarrhea and Improving the Immune Function of Dairy Calves During the First Month of Life

Jin

Gao

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Two experiments were conducted to identify the optimal dose of zinc proteinate (ZP) in the diet for dairy calves and then to compare early supplementation with the ZP or zinc methionine (ZM) on the growth performance, incidence of diarrhea, antioxidant status, and immune function of dairy calves during their first month of life. In Experiment 1, forty newborn female Holstein dairy calves were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): a control group (without ZP supplementation, ZP0) or groups that received ZP supplementation at 40, 80, and 120 mg zinc/day, respectively (ZP40, ZP80, and ZP120). The experiment lasted 14 days, and the growth performance, incidence of diarrhea, and serum zinc concentration were analyzed. In Experiment 2, thirty-six newborn female Holstein dairy calves were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 12): a negative control group (without zinc supplementation, CON), a positive control group (supplemented with 80 mg zinc/day in the form of zinc methionine, ZM), and a ZP group (supplemented with 80 mg zinc/day in the form of ZP). The experiment lasted 28 days, and the growth performance, incidence of diarrhea, serum zinc concentration, serum antioxidant indicators, and concentrations of plasma immunoglobulins and cytokines were determined on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Results showed that in Experiment 1, supplementation with ZP to yield 80 mg zinc/day increased the ADG (P < 0.01) and serum zinc concentration (P < 0.01), and decreased the F/G (P < 0.01) and the incidence of diarrhea (P < 0.05) during days 1–14. In Experiment 2, compared with the CON group, ZP increased the ADG (P < 0.01), serum zinc concentration (P < 0.01), and plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG; P < 0.01) and IgM (P < 0.01) concentrations, but reduced the incidence of diarrhea (P < 0.01), serum malondialdehyde (P < 0.01), and plasma interleukin-1β (P < 0.01) concentrations during days 1–28. Overall, ZP supplementation to yield 80 mg zinc/day improves the growth performance and immune function, and decrease the incidence of diarrhea of dairy calves, which was comparable to the same dose of zinc in the form of ZM.

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Supplementation of antioxidant micronutrients reduces stress and improves immune function/response in periparturient dairy cows and their calves

Cited by 29 publications

References 48 publications

Oxidative Stress in Dairy Cows: Insights into the Mechanistic Mode of Actions and Mitigating Strategies

Oxidative Stress in Dairy Cows: Insights into the Mechanistic Mode of Actions and Mitigating Strategies

Nutritional management of dairy animals for sustained production under heat stress scenario

Supplementation With Zinc Proteinate Increases the Growth Performance by Reducing the Incidence of Diarrhea and Improving the Immune Function of Dairy Calves During the First Month of Life

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