Supplementation of biofloc in carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Communis) culture as a potential tool of resource management in aquaculture

Abstract

Supplementation of biofloc in rearing of common carp (Cyprinus carpio ver. Communis (0.84 ± 0.003 g) was tested in replacing costly feed and environmental amelioration. Neem (Azadirachta indica) leave extract in biofloc media has beenknown to be beneficial in controlling pathogenic Vibrio sp. in brackish water shrimp. Two studies were conducted for 120 days in outdoor experimental cisterns with reduction of feed from 50% to 100%, with two biofloc media; without (Experiment 1; E1) and with neem extract (Experiment 2; E2). The experimental groups were: biofloc with feeding at 6% body weight (T1E1 and T1E2), biofloc with feeding at 3% body weight (T2E1 and T2E2), biofloc without feeding (T3E1 and T3E2), feeding at 6% body weight (C1) and only biofloc (C2E1 and C2E2). Absolute weight gain in T2E1 (9.96 g) was 8.23% and in T2E2 (9.56 g) was 4.39% higher than C1 (9.14). In spite of 5.04% and 13.98% higher growth respectively in T1E1 (10.50 g) and T1E2 (11.66 g) than C1 (9.97 g), BFT could not compensate the total withdrawal of feed (T3E1 and T3E2) and resulted in 22.22% to 33.33% mortality in T3E2 and T3E1 respectively. Under identical feeding regime, FCR was improved by 52.57% to 53.76% in T2E1 (1.84) and 48.71% to 51.23% in T2E2 (1.99) compared to T1E1 (3.98) and T1E2 (4.08). Absolute weight gain in T2E1 was 8.97 times and in T2E2 was 4.63 times higher than C1. In spite of 18.54% and 7.26% higher growth respectively in T1E1 and T1E2 than C1, BFT could not compensate the total withdrawal of feed (T3E1 and T3E2) and resulted in 22.22% to 33.33% mortality in T3E2 and T3E1 respectively. Under identical feeding regime, FCR was improved by 52.57% to 53.76% in T2E1 and 48.71% to 51.23% in T2E2 compared to T1E1 and T1E2 respectively. Increased N: P ratio of water and soil in E2 favoured fish growth. Neem leave extract in biofloc media should be judicious as it may cause nitrification inhibition.

Understanding and approaches towards circular bio‐economy of wastewater reuse in fisheries and aquaculture in India: An overview

“…phosphorus and nitrogenous nutrients, and, suspended solids 83 . Nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon represent the huge quantum of elements in aquaculture wastewater that are targeted for valorization 84–90 . Under minimal or zero‐water exchange and, hyper‐intensive and/or intensive culture systems, bioflocs composed of a galaxy of microorganisms, protozoa, algae, uneaten feed particles, faeces and physical debris, can be used as nutrients for selective species of fish and shrimps under reasonably controlled density 91,92 .…”

“…Moreover, this technology imparts valuable ecological services in the process by favourably altering the heterotrophic community composition where the dominance of pathogenic Vibrio sp. is shifted towards beneficial probiotic Bacilus communities in brackish water shrimp farming earthen ponds 87–90,126 …”

The effects of different stocking densities on nursery performance of Banana shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) reared under biofloc condition

“…The biofloc system absorbs dissolved nitrogen compounds and improves water quality . In addition, it has been demonstrated that the biofloc produced in this system may also be used to feed the shrimp and fish (Cuzon et al, 2004;Otoshi et al, 2011;Das and Mandal, 2021 a, b;Poli et al, 2021;Khanjani et al, 2022 b).…”

“…Aquatic performance depends on many factors in the biofloc system. Biofloc production is affected by a number of biological factors including stocking density, supplemental feed and natural food availability (Xu and Pan, 2014;Zhu et al, 2016;Esparza-Leal et al, 2020;Dinda et al, 2020;Das and Mandal, 2021 a, b;Dorothy et al, 2021;Khanjani et al, 2022 b;Emerenciano et al, 2022). Similarly, abiotic factors (temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, total suspended solids, pH, alkalinity, light exposure, total ammonium nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate) also influence the shrimp production in BFT systems (Hostins et al, 2015;Pierri et al, 2015;.…”

Terminalia catappa Leaves Effects on Aquatic Primary Productivities

“…Similarly, Ikhwanuddin et al (2014) also found an increase in growth and survival rates of the Black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) when provided with the extract of T. catappa leaves. It could be attributed to the decomposing leaf residues in the water, causing the rise in fish growth in ponds with a high N:P ratio (Das & Mandal, 2021).…”