Supplementation of diets with tannins from Chestnut wood or an extract from <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> Bertoni and effects on in vitro rumen fermentation, protozoa count and methane production

Sarnataro, Chiara; Spanghero, M.; Lavrenčič, A.

doi:10.1111/jpn.13414

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The protozoal population was reduced (Table 5) and methane production was decreased by supplementing with plant materials with high CT and TP concentrations in the fermentation substrate (Table 6). This finding was consistent with those of Sarnataro et al [38], who found that adding Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni extract and chestnut wood tannin to the rumen reduced the in vitro protozoal population while having no effect on the fermentation parameters; whereas Jayanegara et al [39] found dietary tannins had no effect on protozoal numbers in an in vitro study. Newbold et al [40] recommended complete rumen protozoal elimination as a means to increase microbial protein supply by 30% while reducing methane production by up to 11%.…”

Section: In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Bacteria and Protozoal Population Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 89%

In Vitro Screening of Plant Materials to Reduce Ruminal Protozoal Population and Mitigate Ammonia and Methane Emissions

2021

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Alternative feed sources can be utilized to reduce enteric methane (CH4) emissions, a major greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of tropical plants to improve digestibility, reduce protozoal populations, improve rumen fermentation, and minimize methane emissions from ruminants. The plants considered herein grow in tropical climates, are easily accessible in large quantities, and are directly related to human food production. Nine plants that grow naturally in tropical climates were assessed. Plant supplementation substantially enhanced accumulative gas production at 24 h (p < 0.05). The apparent organic matter digestibility (AOMDvt) of the diet was not affected by five of the nine plants. With the addition of the plant material, ammonia nitrogen concentrations were reduced by up to 47% and methane concentrations were reduced by 54%. Five of the nine plant materials reduced methane production in terms of CH4/dry matter and CH4/digestibility of the organic matter by 15–35% and 8–24%, respectively. In conclusion, supplementation with plants with high tannin contents was shown to be a viable strategy for improving rumen fermentation, reducing protozoal populations, and limiting methane emissions. In this regard, the leaves of Piper sarmentosum, Acmella oleracea, Careya arborea, and Anacardium occidentale were especially promising.

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Section: In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Bacteria and Protozoal Population Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 89%

In Vitro Screening of Plant Materials to Reduce Ruminal Protozoal Population and Mitigate Ammonia and Methane Emissions

2021

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“…(2014) concluded that methanogenesis is also regulated by other mechanisms besides protozoa numbers because, in several experiments, a variation in CH 4 emission was observed without corresponding changes in the protozoa numbers. In addition, Sarnataro et al. (2020) changed the concentration of the in vitro protozoa population by adding secondary plant compounds; however, the authors did not measure a variation in the CH 4 yield.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of dietary addition of 2 essential oils from Achillea moschata, or their components (bornyl acetate, camphor, and eucalyptol) on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbial community composition

et al. 2021

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This study investigated the effects of 2 Achillea moschata essential oils extracted from plants collected in 2 different valleys of the Italian Alps and 3 pure compounds of oils — bornyl acetate (BOR), camphor (CAM), and eucalyptol (EUCA) — on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbiota. An in vitro batch fermentation experiment (Exp. 1) tested the addition of all of the substances (2 essential oils and 3 compounds) in fermentation bottles (120 mL) at 48 h of incubation, whereas a subsequent in vitro continuous culture experiment (Exp. 2) evaluated the pure compounds added to the fermenters (2 L) for a longer incubation period (9 d). In both experiments, total mixed rations were incubated with the additives, and samples without additives were included as the control (CTR). Each treatment was tested in duplicate and was repeated in 3 and 2 fermentation runs in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Gas production (GP) in Exp. 1 was similar for all of the treatments, and short chain volatile fatty acid (SCFA) production was similar in both experiments except for a decrease of SCFA produced ( P = 0.029) due to EUCA addition in Exp. 2. Compared to CTR, BOR and CAM reduced the valerate proportion ( P = 0.04) in Exp. 1, and increased ( P < 0.01) the acetate proportion in Exp. 2. All treatments increased ( P < 0.01) total protozoa counts (+36.7% and +48.4% compared to CTR on average for Exp. 1 and 2, respectively). In Exp. 1, all of the treatments lowered the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and increased the Proteobacteria relative abundances ( P < 0.05), whereas in Exp. 2, the EUCA addition increased ( P = 0.012) the Ruminococcus . In Exp. 1, methane (CH 4 ) as a proportion of the GP was lowered ( P = 0.004) by the addition of CAM and EUCA compared to CTR, whereas in Exp. 2, EUCA reduced the amount of stoichiometrically calculated CH 4 compared to CTR. Overall, essential oils extracted from A. moschata and the pure compounds did not depress in vitro rumen fermentation, except for EUCA in Exp. 2. In both experiments, an increase of the protozoal population occurred for all the additives.

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“…To ensure that a sufficiently numerous and metabolically active protozoa population could be maintained, we chose a short time frame of 24 h to test different protozoa counts in terms of AFs degradation. In previous experiments, it was observed that some natural substances change the in vitro protozoa counts (Sarnataro et al, 2020; Sarnataro & Spanghero, 2020). Specifically, Stevia leaf extract was responsible for a reduction of approximately 50% after 24 h of fermentation using the same in vitro apparatus and dosage as in the current study (Sarnataro & Spanghero, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

In vitro aflatoxins recovery after changing buffer or protozoa concentrations in the rumen fermentation fluid

Spanghero

Braidot

Sarnataro

et al. 2023

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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This study simulates in vitro the effects of (i) rumen acidity and (ii) change in rumen protozoa numbers on the recovery of aflatoxins (AFs). Two 24‐h fermentation experiments were carried out using the same batch in vitro fermentation systems and substrate (dried corn meal) containing 11.42, 2.42, 7.65 and 1.70 µg/kg of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 respectively. In Experiment 1, two buffer concentrations (normal salts dosage or lowered to 25%) were tested. Buffer reduction decreased gas production (730 vs. 1101 mL, p < 0.05), volatile fatty acids (VFA) and NH3 concentrations in the fermentation liquid (39.8 vs. 46.3 mmol/L, and 31.7 vs. 46.5 mg/dL respectively, p < 0.01). Recovery of all four AFs types was higher (p < 0.01) in the reduced buffer fermentation fluid, both as a percentage of total AF incubated (73.6% vs. 62.5%, 45.9% vs. 38.1%, 33.6% vs. 17.9% and 18.9% vs. 6.24% for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 respectively) and as amounts relative to VFA production (163.4 vs. 123.5, 22.1 vs. 15.7, 48.8 vs. 22.5 and 6.16 vs. 1.86 ng/100 mmol of VFA, for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 respectively). In Experiment 2, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni extracts (S) or a Camphor essential oil (Cam) were added to fermenters and compared to the control (no additives, C). S and Cam addition resulted in a 25% reduction (p < 0.05) and a 15% increase (p < 0.05) in protozoa counts respectively, when compared to C. Both plant additives slightly reduced (p < 0.05) AFB1 recovery as a percentage of total AFB1 incubated (68.5% and 67.7% vs. 74.9% for S, Cam and C respectively). Recoveries of all other AFs were unaffected by the additives. In conclusion, the rumen in vitro AFB1 recovery (63%–75%) was higher than other AFs (3%–46%) and the acidic fermentation environment increased it. In our conditions, changes in protozoa numbers did not affect AFs recovery.

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Supplementation of diets with tannins from Chestnut wood or an extract from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and effects on in vitro rumen fermentation, protozoa count and methane production

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

In Vitro Screening of Plant Materials to Reduce Ruminal Protozoal Population and Mitigate Ammonia and Methane Emissions

In Vitro Screening of Plant Materials to Reduce Ruminal Protozoal Population and Mitigate Ammonia and Methane Emissions

Evaluation of dietary addition of 2 essential oils from Achillea moschata, or their components (bornyl acetate, camphor, and eucalyptol) on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbial community composition

In vitro aflatoxins recovery after changing buffer or protozoa concentrations in the rumen fermentation fluid

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