Supplementation of tuna hydrolysate and insect larvae improves fishmeal replacement efficacy of poultry by-product in Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) juveniles

Abstract

The effects of feeding different levels of poultry by-product meal (PBM) replacing fishmeal (FM) protein, supplemented with tuna hydrolysate (TH) and Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae, on the growth, fillet quality, histological traits, immune status, oxidative biomarker levels and gut microbiota of juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifer were investigated for six weeks. Barramundi were fed four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets in which a FM based diet was used as the Control diet (Diet1) and compared with other non-FM diets containing 80%, 85% and 90% PBM along with the concurrent supplementation of 5% and/or 10% TH and HI larvae meal. These treatment diets were designated as 80PBM10TH+10HI (Diet2), 85PBM5TH+10HI (Diet3) and 90PBM5TH+5HI (Diet4). The growth and condition factor of fish fed 80PBM10TH+10HI and 85PBM5TH+10HI were significantly higher than the Control. Total saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid retention in the fish muscle increased in fish fed PBM-based diets, supplemented with TH and HI larvae meal, with no adverse effect on post-harvest characteristics such as texture and colour of fish fillets. Improvement in serum total bilirubin and total protein content was found in all fish fed TH and HI larvae supplemented PBM. Similarly, immune response showed a significant increase in fish fed non-FM test diets than the Control. In the distal intestine, supplementation of any quantities of TH and HI larvae to PBM led to an increase in the microvilli density and neutral mucins while the number of goblet cells in the skin were unchanged. Liver, kidney, and spleen histology demonstrated a normal structure with no obvious changes in response to all test diets. Bacterial diversity increased in fish fed Diets 2 and 3 with a high abundance of Proteobacteria in Diets 1 and 4 and Firmicutes in Diets 2 and 3. The fish on test diets showed a lower abundance of genus Vibrio. Fish fed TH and HI larvae supplemented PBM diets showed lower infection rate to V. harveyi than the Control. Collectively, concurrent supplementation of TH and HI larvae could improve the quality of PBM diets with positive effects on growth, fillet quality, intestinal health, immunity, and disease resistance.

Dietary supplementation of fish protein hydrolysate in high plant protein diets modulates growth, liver and kidney health, and immunity of barramundi ( Lates calcarifer )

“…This result is in agreement with Chaklader et al (2020), where the addition of FPH in diets abundant in poultry by-product meal significantly increased MUFA and PUFA content when compared to the control. Feeding excessive levels of alternate FM protein diets negatively impacted the concentration of healthpromoting fatty acids such EPA and DHA in barramundi (Chaklader et al, 2021) and juvenile totoaba, Totoaba macdonaldi (Zapata et al, 2016). However, in the present study total PUFA, Σn-3, Σn-6, Σn-9…”

“…piscicida, and V. anguillarum (Costa et al, 2020). Similarly, a number of studies supplementing FPH have shown the modulation of disease resistance against pathogenic bacteria in barramundi (Chaklader et al, 2021;Siddik et al, 2021), red sea bream, Pagrus major (Bui et al, 2014;Khosravi et al, 2015) and European sea bass (Kotzamanis et al, 2007). In the present study, the improved infection rate against V. harveyi in the test diets could be due to the presence of bioactive peptides in FPH.…”

A Combination of Hermetia illucens Reared on Fish Waste and Poultry By-Product Meal Improves Sensory and Physicochemical Quality of Farmed Barramundi Filets

“…Regarding the muscle FA profile, an increase in total SFA in the muscle of barramundi fed with 80PBM-20HI and 75PBM-25HI was due to the substantial increase in lauric acid (C12:0) and myristic acid (C14:0). The HI larvae meal is a rich source of C12:0 and C14:0 which have been reported to enhance the total SFA concentration in barramundi ( 23 , 24 ) and other fish species such as Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii ( 58 ), rainbow trout ( 59 ), and Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis ( 60 ). Oleic acid plus elaidic acid (C18: 1cis + trans), causing a higher concentration of MUFA in PBM-HI-based diets clearly improved the MUFA concentration of barramundi in the present study.…”

“…However, the potentiality of an ingredient cannot be solely evaluated by the effects on growth and other physiological and immunological parameters as dietary alteration may stimulate alteration in organoleptic characteristics and other biochemical composition functions of fish filets. The exclusive or complete inclusion of animal protein ingredients such as PBM or meat meal had no effect on the barramundi filet texture and color ( 24 , 25 ) though female tenches, Tinca tinca filet quality was impacted by PBM ( 26 ). Except for filet organoleptic characteristics, PBM alone reduced the retention of nutrient composition such as essential amino acid and fatty acid for barramundi ( 27 , 28 ), however, such effects were not observed for other species.…”

“…PBM has been evaluated on numerous finfish and shellfish species with various successes ( 20 ). In barramundi, PBM can completely replace FM without compromising the growth, serum metabolites, immune response, and integrity of various tissues when complemented with fish protein hydrolysate and/or insects larvae ( 21 – 24 ). However, the potentiality of an ingredient cannot be solely evaluated by the effects on growth and other physiological and immunological parameters as dietary alteration may stimulate alteration in organoleptic characteristics and other biochemical composition functions of fish filets.…”