Supplementation with tocotrienol-rich fraction alters the plasma levels of Apolipoprotein A-I precursor, Apolipoprotein E precursor, and C-reactive protein precursor from young and old individuals

Heng, Eng Chee; Karsani, Saiful Anuar; Rahman, Mariati Abdul; Hamid, Noor Aini Abdul; Hamid, Zalina; Ngah, Wan Zurinah Wan

doi:10.1007/s00394-012-0485-3

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Results from the present study indicated that short-term TRF administration was unable to improve CRP levels in HD patients. This is in contrast with a recent TRF trial that has been conducted in healthy volunteers which showed reduction in CRP levels in older subjects 22. We speculate that this is partially due to high inter-individual variability in CRP levels, which is often associated with transient intercurrent clinical events and the dynamic response of immune system 45.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…However, in vivo, antioxidative properties of TT could be limited by physiological processes (eg, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion), but TT have been found to be as equally potent as TP 19,20. More importantly, TT also play a role beyond their known antioxidant activity – ie, they possess an anti-inflammatory property which has been shown to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor in macrophages,21 and decreased C-reactive protein (CRP) in human volunteers 22. Additionally, TT may also confer cardioprotective effects by improving lipid profiles (reduced total cholesterol and TAGs),23,24 and lower oxidation of LDL cholesterol 25…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardioprotective effects of TT in these studies have been primarily attributed to its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering properties. In a study by Heng et al,22 TT supplementation in healthy volunteers resulted in lower CRP levels, which has been regarded as a prognostic indicator for cardiovascular events and mortality in ESRD patients 29,30. In addition, supplementation with TT-rich fraction (TRF) from palm oil (200 mg/day for 8 weeks) plus statin in hypercholesterolemic human subjects resulted in improved lipid profiles while minimizing the side effects of statins 24.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin E tocotrienol supplementation improves lipid profiles in chronic hemodialysis patients

Daud

Tubie

Sheyman

et al. 2013

VHRM

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PurposeChronic hemodialysis patients experience accelerated atherosclerosis contributed to by dyslipidemia, inflammation, and an impaired antioxidant system. Vitamin E tocotrienols possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the impact of dietary intervention with Vitamin E tocotrienols is unknown in this population.Patients and methodsA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial was conducted in 81 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Subjects were provided daily with capsules containing either vitamin E tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) (180 mg tocotrienols, 40 mg tocopherols) or placebo (0.48 mg tocotrienols, 0.88 mg tocopherols). Endpoints included measurements of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and interleukin 6), oxidative status (total antioxidant power and malondialdehyde), lipid profiles (plasma total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), as well as cholesteryl-ester transfer protein activity and apolipoprotein A1.ResultsTRF supplementation did not impact any nutritional, inflammatory, or oxidative status biomarkers over time when compared with the baseline within the group (one-way repeated measures analysis of variance) or when compared with the placebo group at a particular time point (independent t-test). However, the TRF supplemented group showed improvement in lipid profiles after 12 and 16 weeks of intervention when compared with placebo at the respective time points. Normalized plasma triacylglycerols (cf baseline) in the TRF group were reduced by 33 mg/dL (P=0.032) and 36 mg/dL (P=0.072) after 12 and 16 weeks of intervention but no significant improvement was seen in the placebo group. Similarly, normalized plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher (P<0.05) in the TRF group as compared with placebo at both week 12 and week 16. The changes in the TRF group at week 12 and week 16 were associated with higher plasma apolipoprotein A1 concentration (P<0.02) and lower cholesteryl-ester transfer protein activity (P<0.001).ConclusionTRF supplementation improved lipid profiles in this study of maintenance hemodialysis patients. A multi-centered trial is warranted to confirm these observations.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin E tocotrienol supplementation improves lipid profiles in chronic hemodialysis patients

Daud

Tubie

Sheyman

et al. 2013

VHRM

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“…A topical formulation containing tocopherols and tocotrienols showed photoprotective effect in photosensitive subjects [145]. Supplementation of tocotrienol-rich fraction (74% tocotrienol and 26% tocopherols) modulated plasma proteins including CRP in healthy female subjects [146]. Patel et al [147] reported that tocotrienol mixtures (200mg, n=14) exhibited stronger protective effect than αT (n=5) on end-stage liver disease in cirrhosis patients with hepatitis B and C. In addition, Tamoxifen combined with γTE showed non-significant decrease of breast cancer mortality compared with tamoxifen alone controls [148].…”

Section: Health Benefits In Human Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural forms of vitamin E: metabolism, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities and their role in disease prevention and therapy

Jiang

2014

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

737

579

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The Vitamin E family consists of four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. α-Tocopherol (αT) is the predominant form of vitamin E in tissues and its deficiency leads to ataxia in humans. However, results from many clinical studies do not support protective roles of αT in disease prevention in people with adequate nutrient status. On the other hand, recent mechanistic studies indicate that other forms of vitamin E such as γ-tocopherol (γT), δ-tocopherol (δT) and γ-tocotrienol (γTE) have unique antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that are superior to αT in prevention and therapy against chronic diseases. These vitamin E forms scavenge reactive nitrogen species, inhibit cyclooxygenase- and 5-lipoxygenase-catalyzed eicosanoids and suppress pro-inflammatory signaling such as NF-κB and STAT3/6. Unlike αT, other vitamin E forms are significantly metabolized to carboxychromanols via cytochrome P-450 (CYP4F2)-initiated side-chain ω-oxidation. Long-chain carboxychromanols, esp.13’-carboxychromanols, are shown to have stronger anti-inflammatory effects than un-metabolized vitamins and may therefore contribute to beneficial effects of vitamin E forms in vivo. Consistent with mechanistic findings, animal and human studies show that γT and tocotrienols may be useful against inflammation-associated diseases. This review focuses on non-αT forms of vitamin E with respect to their metabolism, anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms and in vivo efficacy in preclinical models as well as human clinical intervention studies.

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“…Heng and colleagues reported the effect of TRF supplementation and modulation of protein expression in young and old individuals [37]. Each group was further separated into placebo and TRF arm and supplemented for six months.…”

Section: Other Clinical Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Properties of Tocotrienols: Evidence in Human Studies

Meganathan

2016

IJMS

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Vitamin E has been recognized as an essential vitamin since their discovery in 1922. Although the functions of tocopherols are well established, tocotrienols have been the unsung heroes of vitamin E. Due to their structural differences, tocotrienols were reported to exert distinctive properties compared to tocopherols. While most vegetable oils contain higher amount of tocopherols, tocotrienols were found abundantly in palm oil. Nature has made palm vitamin E to contain up to 70% of total tocotrienols, among which alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocotrienols are the major constituents. Recent advancements have shown their biological properties in conferring protection against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, oxidative stress and immune regulation. Preclinical results of these physiological functions were translated into clinical trials gaining global attention. This review will discuss in detail the evidence in human studies to date in terms of efficacy, population, disease state and bioavailability. The review will serve as a platform to pave the future direction for tocotrienols in clinical settings.

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Supplementation with tocotrienol-rich fraction alters the plasma levels of Apolipoprotein A-I precursor, Apolipoprotein E precursor, and C-reactive protein precursor from young and old individuals

Cited by 31 publications

References 46 publications

Vitamin E tocotrienol supplementation improves lipid profiles in chronic hemodialysis patients

Vitamin E tocotrienol supplementation improves lipid profiles in chronic hemodialysis patients

Natural forms of vitamin E: metabolism, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities and their role in disease prevention and therapy

Biological Properties of Tocotrienols: Evidence in Human Studies

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