“…So far, numerous research efforts have been conducted to fabricate the catalysts with different structures and compositions, and a range of e-NRR catalysts have been achieved, involving noble metals [8,9], transition metal-based [10,11] and nonmetallic catalysts [12][13][14]. Although noble metal catalysts that refer to platinum group metal materials, e.g., Ru [15], Pt [16], and Rh [17], have been generally used as electrocatalysts for e-NRR because of their excellent electrical conductivity and active polycrystalline surfaces, their wide range of applications are still seriously hampered by their expensive costs and rare resources [18]. Transition metal-based catalysts are then regarded as potential alternatives because of their easy synthesis, low cost, and excellent catalytic activity [13,19].…”