“…The uncertainties in powder granulometry within the build chamber, such as powder size, shape, distribution, and powder packing density, can significantly alter final mechanical and surface properties, hindering parts' repeatability and product quality [5,14,15]. Moreover, the processing conditions such as the scanning location, geometry type, and atmospheric conditions can alter the final mechanical properties of the SLM components [16,17]. Therefore, the mechanical properties of SLM components fabricated with identical laser parameters can still have different surface roughness, density, and mechanical strength.…”