Supporting of coupled silver halides onto clinoptilolite nanoparticles as simple method for increasing their photocatalytic activity in heterogeneous photodegradation of mixture of 4-methoxy aniline and 4-chloro-3-nitro aniline
“…On the other hand, the lack of surface area was identified while increasing the catalyst dose due to agglomeration according to its particles interactions that limit the active sites. 47 – 49 Figure 2 Effect of catalyst dosage on the photocatalytic degradation of MNZ under the experimental conditions specified (pH = 6, [MNZ] o = 80±0.02 mg/L, contact time = 180 min, stirring = 300 rpm and Temp.=30±2°C). …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…On the other hand, the lack of surface area was identified while increasing the catalyst dose due to agglomeration according to its particles interactions that limit the active sites. [47][48][49]…”
Background: Metronidazole (MNZ) is an antibiotic form that is considered as a dangerous environmental pollutant due to its widespread use as growth promoters in livestock and aquaculture operations along with its therapeutic application for humans. Purpose: The objective of this work was to conduct a comparative study between the efficiency of the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of MNZ in an aqueous solution by using magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NP) under different effects, as well as evaluate the performance, reusability and cost study. Materials and Methods: Several instruments such as XRD, EDX, SEM, and TEM were used to characterize the chemical composition and morphological properties of the synthesized MgO NP, while the GC-MS analysis was used to monitor the degradation pathway of MNZ particles within 180 min. The simple photo-batch reactor was used to investigate the degradation of MNZ under the effect of UV radiation, initial concentration of MNZ, pH, catalyst loading, inorganic salts addition, time, and temperature. Results: The degradation efficiency is mainly divided into two steps: 35.7% for maximum adsorption and 57.5% for photodegradation. Adsorption isotherm models confirmed that the process nature is chemisorption and appropriate Langmuir model, as well as to be a nonspontaneous and endothermic reaction according to the thermodynamic study. Adsorption constant during dark condition is smaller than typical adsorption equilibrium constant derived from the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model through photodegradation of MNZ that follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. Toxicity rates were reduced considerably after the photodegradation process to 88.21%, 79.84%, and 67.32% and 57.45%, 51.98%, and 43.87% by heamolytic and brine shrimp assays, respectively, for initial MNZ concentrations (20, 60, and 100 mg/L). Conclusion: We significantly recommend using MgO NP as a promising catalyst in the photodegradation applications for other organic pollutants in visible light.
“…On the other hand, the lack of surface area was identified while increasing the catalyst dose due to agglomeration according to its particles interactions that limit the active sites. 47 – 49 Figure 2 Effect of catalyst dosage on the photocatalytic degradation of MNZ under the experimental conditions specified (pH = 6, [MNZ] o = 80±0.02 mg/L, contact time = 180 min, stirring = 300 rpm and Temp.=30±2°C). …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…On the other hand, the lack of surface area was identified while increasing the catalyst dose due to agglomeration according to its particles interactions that limit the active sites. [47][48][49]…”
Background: Metronidazole (MNZ) is an antibiotic form that is considered as a dangerous environmental pollutant due to its widespread use as growth promoters in livestock and aquaculture operations along with its therapeutic application for humans. Purpose: The objective of this work was to conduct a comparative study between the efficiency of the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of MNZ in an aqueous solution by using magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NP) under different effects, as well as evaluate the performance, reusability and cost study. Materials and Methods: Several instruments such as XRD, EDX, SEM, and TEM were used to characterize the chemical composition and morphological properties of the synthesized MgO NP, while the GC-MS analysis was used to monitor the degradation pathway of MNZ particles within 180 min. The simple photo-batch reactor was used to investigate the degradation of MNZ under the effect of UV radiation, initial concentration of MNZ, pH, catalyst loading, inorganic salts addition, time, and temperature. Results: The degradation efficiency is mainly divided into two steps: 35.7% for maximum adsorption and 57.5% for photodegradation. Adsorption isotherm models confirmed that the process nature is chemisorption and appropriate Langmuir model, as well as to be a nonspontaneous and endothermic reaction according to the thermodynamic study. Adsorption constant during dark condition is smaller than typical adsorption equilibrium constant derived from the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model through photodegradation of MNZ that follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. Toxicity rates were reduced considerably after the photodegradation process to 88.21%, 79.84%, and 67.32% and 57.45%, 51.98%, and 43.87% by heamolytic and brine shrimp assays, respectively, for initial MNZ concentrations (20, 60, and 100 mg/L). Conclusion: We significantly recommend using MgO NP as a promising catalyst in the photodegradation applications for other organic pollutants in visible light.
“…The change in concentration of MB with respect to the irradiation time was measured as shown in Figure 8. The kinetics results were best fitted to the Lindemann–Hinshelwood pseudo-1st-order kinetics 50 for 10 –5 and 10 –4 (M) MB, respectively, and the rate constants were evaluated through −ln( C / C 0 ) versus t plot, as shown in Figure 8C,D (inset) for the sets shown in Figure 8A,B. The percentage degradation of MB with FAT photocatalysts was calculated using eq 6.…”
The trimetallic Fe/Al/Ti (1:1:1)
nanocomposite (FAT), synthesized
by an adaptable tuned chemical route, offers a new approach for water
treatment, for example, the de-fluoridation and photodegradation soluble
dye methylene blue (MB) at pH 7. FAT acted as a good fluoride scavenger
in the presence of other co-ions and within a widespread pH range
(pH 2–11). The photodegradation efficiencies were >90% for
different concentrations of MB solutions. The characterization of
FAT includes thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier
transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission
electron microscopy, and ζ-potential analysis. Furthermore,
the regeneration efficiencies of both the water treatments were checked,
where the removal efficiency was not hampered significantly even after
five batches. Spectroscopic techniques were adopted to perform the
kinetic studies and to propose the probable mechanistic paths.
“…There are two types of zeolite, which are synthetic and natural zeolites. Mostly, they are widely used as supported materials of semiconducting materials such as Ag halides [5], zinc oxide [6] and nickel [7] in order to enhance the photocatalytic activity. Admittedly, the sizes and shapes of zeolites could influence the zeolite properties and catalytic performances and subsequently enhanced the catalytic performance for many reactions [8].…”
Section: Modification Of Zeolite For Photocatalytic Enhancementmentioning
Zeolites are microporous crystalline alumina-silicate materials, widely used as catalysts, ion exchangers and adsorbents due to their chemical structure and surface properties. The unique properties of zeolite such as high adsorption capacity and cation exchange make it interesting to be used as a support material. This review article presents the details of various researches of zeolite used as photocatalyst in photocatalytic application. The modifications of zeolite using several methods are described in details for photocatalytic enhancement. The effect of zeolite nanoparticles in membrane fabrication also provided in this article. Furthermore, the efficiency of zeolite used as adsorbents and photocatalyst in the photocatalytic application also presented.
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