Supportive roles of brain macrophages in CNS metastases and assessment of new approaches targeting their functions

You, Hua; Baluszek, Szymon; Kamińska, Bożena

doi:10.7150/thno.40783

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Tumor cells cross the blood-brain barrier mediated by specific molecules and turn into dormancy/quiescence, laying the foundation for growth after several months or even longer ( 92 , 95 ). Tissue remodeling creates a tumor microenvironment, affecting the homeostasis of the central nervous system and promoting tumor metastasis and growth ( 96 ). The following content mainly focuses on the mechanism of lung cancer driver genes and associated signaling pathway in the three main steps of brain metastasis ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Lung Cancer Driver Genes In Brain Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Lung Cancer Driver Genes Associated With Brain Metastasis

Kang

Jin

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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Brain metastasis, one of the common complications of lung cancer, is an important cause of death in patients with advanced cancer, despite progress in treatment strategies. Lung cancers with positive driver genes have higher incidence and risk of brain metastases, suggesting that driver events associated with these genes might be biomarkers to detect and prevent disease progression. Common lung cancer driver genes mainly encode receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which are important internal signal molecules that interact with external signals. RTKs and their downstream signal pathways are crucial for tumor cell survival, invasion, and colonization in the brain. In addition, new tumor driver genes, which also encode important molecules closely related to the RTK signaling pathway, have been found to be closely related to the brain metastases of lung cancer. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between lung cancer driver genes and brain metastasis, and summarized the mechanism of driver gene-associated pathways in brain metastasis. By understanding the molecular characteristics during brain metastasis, we can better stratify lung cancer patients and alert those at high risk of brain metastasis, which helps to promote individual therapy for lung cancer.

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Section: Mechanism Of Lung Cancer Driver Genes In Brain Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Lung Cancer Driver Genes Associated With Brain Metastasis

Kang

Jin

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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“…The number of monocytes and macrophages within a tumor negatively correlates with patient’s survival, while there is no such correlation for microglia [ 68 ]. Monocyte and MDMs display a stronger activation than microglia [ 70 ], and these features make MDMs a potential therapeutic target in gliomas and other brain tumors (including brain metastases) [ 113 ]. Pharmacological depletion/inhibition of GAMs, encompassing both microglia and MDMs, in murine gliomas impaired tumor growth [ 114 , 115 ].…”

Section: Microglia-targeting Therapeutic Interventions In Cns Disomentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglia Diversity in Healthy and Diseased Brain: Insights from Single-Cell Omics

Ochocka

Kamińska

2021

IJMS

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Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that have distinct ontogeny from other tissue macrophages and play a pivotal role in health and disease. Microglia rapidly react to the changes in their microenvironment. This plasticity is attributed to the ability of microglia to adapt a context-specific phenotype. Numerous gene expression profiling studies of immunosorted CNS immune cells did not permit a clear dissection of their phenotypes, particularly in diseases when peripheral cells of the immune system come to play. Only recent advances in single-cell technologies allowed studying microglia at high resolution and revealed a spectrum of discrete states both under homeostatic and pathological conditions. Single-cell technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and mass cytometry (Cytometry by Time-Of-Flight, CyTOF) enabled determining entire transcriptomes or the simultaneous quantification of >30 cellular parameters of thousands of individual cells. Single-cell omics studies demonstrated the unforeseen heterogeneity of microglia and immune infiltrates in brain pathologies: neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, depression, and brain tumors. We summarize the findings from those studies and the current state of knowledge of functional diversity of microglia under physiological and pathological conditions. A precise definition of microglia functions and phenotypes may be essential to design future immune-modulating therapies.

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“…This supportive metastatic microenvironment in distant organs was first termed the pre-metastatic niche (PMN) by Kaplan et al (2005) . In the last decade, PMN induced by various cancers has been identified in the lung ( Hiratsuka et al, 2002 ; Hoshino et al, 2015 ; Liu et al, 2016 ; Tyagi et al, 2021 ), liver ( Hoshino et al, 2015 ; Zhang and Wang, 2015 ; Houg and Bijlsma, 2018 ; Sun et al, 2021 ), brain ( You et al, 2020 ), bone ( Kaplan et al, 2007 ; Xu et al, 2017 ), and other organs. The PMN is characterized by increased vascular permeability ( Gupta et al, 2007 ; Huang et al, 2009 ; Zhou et al, 2014 ), a modified extracellular matrix (ECM) ( Aguado et al, 2016 ; Kim et al, 2019 ; Mohan et al, 2020 ), recruited bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) ( Kitamura et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2019 ), and immunosuppression ( Chen et al, 2011 ; Tacke et al, 2012 ; Giles et al, 2016 ) in the future metastatic organs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-metastatic Niche Formation in Different Organs Induced by Tumor Extracellular Vesicles

Dong

Cheng

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Primary tumors selectively modify the microenvironment of distant organs such as the lung, liver, brain, bone marrow, and lymph nodes to facilitate metastasis. This supportive metastatic microenvironment in distant organs was termed the pre-metastatic niche (PMN) that is characterized by increased vascular permeability, extracellular matrix remodeling, bone marrow-derived cells recruitment, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of cell-derived membranous structures that carry various functional molecules. EVs play a critical role in PMN formation by delivering their cargos to recipient cells in target organs. We provide an overview of the characteristics of the PMN in different organs promoted by cancer EVs and the underlying mechanisms in this review.

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Supportive roles of brain macrophages in CNS metastases and assessment of new approaches targeting their functions

Cited by 28 publications

References 134 publications

Advances in Lung Cancer Driver Genes Associated With Brain Metastasis

Advances in Lung Cancer Driver Genes Associated With Brain Metastasis

Microglia Diversity in Healthy and Diseased Brain: Insights from Single-Cell Omics

Pre-metastatic Niche Formation in Different Organs Induced by Tumor Extracellular Vesicles

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