Suppression of secondary wall formation in the basal supporting region of Arabidopsis inflorescence stems under microgravity conditions in space

Tanimura, Yusuke; Mabuchi, Atsushi; Soga, Kouichi; Wakabayashi, Kazuyuki; Hashimoto, Hirofumi; Yano, Sachiko; Matsumoto, Shohei; Kasahara, Haruo; Kamada, Motoshi; Shimazu, Toru; Hashimoto, Takashi; Hoson, Takayuki

doi:10.2187/bss.36.1

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The cell wall rigidity of the shoots was increased by hypergravity, while microgravity decreased the cell wall rigidity of the shoots [ 5 , 26 ]. It is suggested by these results that an increase in the cell wall rigidity in response to the magnitude of gravity was considered an essential component of gravity resistance, in addition to the development of a short and thick body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is suggested by these results that pth2 is the mutant hypersensitive to gravitational force and that the effects of gravity are saturated at 1 g . Under microgravity conditions in space, hypocotyl growth and the cell wall rigidity of the pth2 mutant may be restored to the wild-type level, as shown in tubulin mutants [ 25 , 26 ]. Space experiments are needed to examine this possibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Arabidopsis PTH2 Gene Is Responsible for Gravity Resistance Supporting Plant Growth under Different Gravity Conditions

Hattori

Soga

Wakabayashi

et al. 2022

Life

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Terrestrial plants respond to and resist gravitational force. The response is termed “gravity resistance”, and centrifugal hypergravity conditions are efficient for investigating its nature and mechanism. A functional screening of Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion lines for the suppression rate of elongation growth of hypocotyls under hypergravity conditions was performed in this study to identify the genes required for gravity resistance. As a result, we identified PEPTIDYL-tRNA HYDROLASE II (PTH2). In the wild type, elongation growth was suppressed by hypergravity, but this did not happen in the pth2 mutant. Lateral growth, dynamics of cortical microtubules, mechanical properties of cell walls, or cell wall thickness were also not affected by hypergravity in the pth2 mutant. In other words, the pth2 mutant did not show any significant hypergravity responses. However, the gravitropic curvature of hypocotyls of the pth2 mutant was almost equal to that of the wild type, indicating that the PTH2 gene is not required for gravitropism. It is suggested by these results that PTH2 is responsible for the critical processes of gravity resistance in Arabidopsis hypocotyls.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Arabidopsis PTH2 Gene Is Responsible for Gravity Resistance Supporting Plant Growth under Different Gravity Conditions

Hattori

Soga

Wakabayashi

et al. 2022

Life

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“…In the present experiment, the bolting of Columbia was delayed by 3 d under microgravity conditions, compared with on-orbit 1 g, because of unidentified anomalies, which may have affected inflorescence growth. On the other hand, the growth rate of inflorescence stems in the tubulin mutants tua4 and tua6, is higher under microgravity conditions than in the on-orbit 1 g control during the entire duration of growth, and the degree of growth stimulation is higher in the tua4 mutant, which showed a strong dwarfing phenotype at 1 g (Hoson et al, 2014;Tanimura et al, 2022). Thus, there was the quantitative relationship between the degree of growth defects at 1 g and growth restoration under microgravity conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The PEUs containing the seeds were launched on the HTV-4 cargo spacecraft on 3 August, 2013, and in orbit, they were unstowed and installed in the Cell Biology Experiment Facility (CBEF) of the Kibo Module. Arabidopsis plants were cultivated at 23.5±0.2°C under continuous blue/red LED light at 110 µmol m −2 s −1 under either on-orbit 1 g or microgravity conditions, as reported previously (Tanimura et al, 2022). After 37 d, Arabidopsis plants were removed from the Plant Chamber and fixed with RNAlater solution (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA) in a Chemical Fixation Bag (CFB).…”

Section: Plant Materials and Onboard Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interior dimensions of the Chamber are 38 mm in width, 16 mm in height, and 0.5 mm in depth. In orbit, Arabidopsis seedlings were cultivated in the Video Measurement Unit (V-MEU) installed in the CBEF in the Kibo Module at 23°C in the dark under either on-orbit 1 g or microgravity conditions, as reported previously (Tanimura et al, 2022). After 72 h, the Chamber was removed from the CBEF and distilled water was injected into the Chamber for microscopic observation.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Onboard Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suppression of bolting in the Arabidopsis <i>hmg1</i> mutant under microgravity conditions in space – Possible involvement of lipid rafts

Hoson,

Soga,

Wakabayashi

et al. 2024

Biol. Sci. Space

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3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the mevalonate pathway for biosynthesis of isoprenoids, such as sterols. An Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutant for HMGR1 (hmg1) produced roots, hypocotyls, rosette leaves, and inflorescences after germination at onorbit 1 g in the Resist Tubule space experiment. The processes up to rosette leaf growth were normal in the hmg1 mutant under microgravity conditions; however, bolting of the inflorescence stem was strongly suppressed. The expression of a series of genes involved in sterol biosynthesis, including sterol glycosyltransferases implicated in producing lipid raft component steryl glycosides, and some of the raft-associated genes in the apical region of inflorescences in the α-tubulin 4 mutant (tua4) was suppressed under microgravity conditions. In addition, the fluorescence due to the raft marker remorin (REM1.3) was uniformly distributed along the rim of the cells of Arabidopsis hypocotyls in microgravity, as in the on-orbit control, showing the presence of lipid rafts in the plasma membrane under microgravity conditions. These results suggest that a severe reduction in sterol levels due to the hmg1 mutation, in combination with downregulation of the expression of sterol biosynthesis genes, causes the suppression of bolting in Arabidopsis under microgravity conditions in space and that lipid rafts may be involved in the bolting.

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Increase in steryl glycoside levels and stimulation of lipid raft formation in azuki bean epicotyls under hypergravity conditions

Sakaki,

Koizumi,

Ikeido

et al. 2023

Life Sciences in Space Research

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Suppression of secondary wall formation in the basal supporting region of Arabidopsis inflorescence stems under microgravity conditions in space

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

An Arabidopsis PTH2 Gene Is Responsible for Gravity Resistance Supporting Plant Growth under Different Gravity Conditions

An Arabidopsis PTH2 Gene Is Responsible for Gravity Resistance Supporting Plant Growth under Different Gravity Conditions

Suppression of bolting in the Arabidopsis <i>hmg1</i> mutant under microgravity conditions in space – Possible involvement of lipid rafts

Increase in steryl glycoside levels and stimulation of lipid raft formation in azuki bean epicotyls under hypergravity conditions

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