Suppression of transpiration due to cloud immersion in a seasonally dry Mexican weeping pine plantation

Alvarado-Barrientos, M. Susana; Holwerda, F.; Asbjornsen, Heidi; Dawson, Todd E.; Bruijnzeel, L. A.

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.11.002

Cited by 59 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Whereas I f was negligible in Santuario, it was estimated at 8% of the dry‐season P in Cortadura. This difference is likely due to the fact that fog is much more frequent in Cortadura (32% of the time; Alvarado‐Barrientos et al, ) than in Santuario (2%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Fog was classified as light (200 m < VIS < 1,000 m) or dense ( VIS < 200 m; Eugster et al, ). As observations at Cortadura showed that it took 3–7 hr for the canopy to wet by fog (Alvarado‐Barrientos et al, ), only events with a duration ≥ 1 hr were considered in the present analysis. A total of 19 events with a mean (± standard deviation, SD ) duration of 0.4 ± 0.2 hr were excluded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rainfall and fog interception at the lower and upper altitudinal limits of cloud forest in Veracruz, Mexico

González‐Martínez

Holwerda

2018

Hydrological Processes

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Comparisons of rainfall and fog interception among different types of tropical montane cloud forest usually reveal large differences, but the variation in these processes within a given forest type has rarely been studied. In the present study, the altitudinal variation of rainfall (Ip) and fog (If) interception was investigated for a lower montane cloud forest in central Veracruz, Mexico. For this, rainfall (P), net rainfall, fog presence (visibility), and meteorological variables were measured in the “Santuario” natural reserve (1,300 m asl) during two sampling periods that were representative of the dry and wet seasons, respectively. In addition, the canopy water storage capacity (Cm) was determined. The results were then compared with data published for the “Cortadura” reserve (2,170 m). There was no evidence of If in Santuario, whereas it was estimated at 8% of the dry‐season P in Cortadura. In Santuario, relative Ip was 22% and 9% of P during the dry and wet seasons, respectively (compared with 20% and 18% of P, respectively, in Cortadura). Average rainfall event size and Cm were the main factors determining the relative Ip at both sites. Cm was much lower in Santuario (1.0 mm) than in Cortadura (3.9 and 2.8 mm in the wet and dry seasons, respectively). However, because during the dry season the average rainfall event size was much lower in Santuario, relative Ip was similar between sites. In contrast, during the wet season, the average event size was similar between sites, so that the difference in Cm caused an important altitudinal variation in relative Ip.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall and fog interception at the lower and upper altitudinal limits of cloud forest in Veracruz, Mexico

González‐Martínez

Holwerda

2018

Hydrological Processes

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“…Esto se debe a la míni-ma ocurrencia y duración de los eventos de niebla en la región, por tanto su efecto neto vía interceptación de niebla y supresión de transpiración sobre el balance hídrico es bastante pequeño (cf. Alvarado-Barrientos et al 2014). Información similar comparativa reportada para bosques de niebla secundarios es prácticamente nula.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Efectos hidrológicos de la conversión del bosque de niebla en el centro de Veracruz, México

Muñoz-Villers¹,

Holwerda²,

Alvarado-Barrientos³

et al. 2015

Bosque (Valdivia)

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SUMMARYThe provision and regulation of water flows in catchments is probably the most important ecosystem service of cloud forests; however, its hydrological behavior and impacts associated with forest conversion remain very poorly understood. The present study aimed at evaluating the hydrological effects of land use change for a cloud forest region on volcanic soils in Veracruz, Mexico. For this, micrometeorological, ecophysiological and hydrological measurements combined with stable isotope data were used. The findings showed higher annual water yields in pasture, as well as young and mature Pinus patula pine plantations due to lower evapotranspiration rates as compared to mature and secondary cloud forests. Total annual and seasonal flows were found very similar in both cloud forests, suggesting catchment hydrological functioning can be restored within 20 years of natural regeneration. Conversely, the pasture catchment showed higher annual streamflow (10 %), however 50 % on average lower baseflow at the end of the dry season, associated probably with more gentle slopes in combination with lower soil infiltration capacity. Further, it was shown that the conversion of cloud forest to pasture can promote major increases in overland flow in response to maximum rainfall events, despite the high permeability of the volcanic soils characterizing this environment. The ultimate effect of P. patula reforestation at catchment scale is still unknown, though higher rainfall infiltration rates, compared to pasture, suggest a soil hydrological recovery in the short to medium term.Key words: land use change, evapotranspiration, streamflow, hydrograph separation, stable isotopes. RESUMENLa provisión y regulación de flujos de agua en cuencas es probablemente el servicio ecosistémico más importante de los bosques de niebla, sin embargo, su funcionamiento hidrológico y cómo éste es alterado por el cambio en el uso de suelo es aún muy poco entendido. Este estudio evaluó los efectos hidrológicos causados por la conversión del bosque mesófilo de montaña sobre suelo volcánico a otros tipos de vegetación en Veracruz, México. Para ello, se realizaron mediciones micrometeorológicas, ecofisiológicas e hidrológicas combinadas con información isotópica. Los resultados mostraron mayores rendimientos hídricos anuales en el pastizal y plantaciones de Pinus patula joven y maduro debido a menores tasas de evapotranspiración comparados con el bosque maduro y secundario. El caudal total anual y estacional fue similar en los bosques, sugiriendo que con 20 años de regeneración natural es posible restaurar la funcionalidad hidrológica de microcuencas. En contraste, la microcuenca de pastizal reportó un mayor caudal anual (10 %), pero flujos 50 % en promedio más bajos al final de la época de estiaje, asociado probablemente a una topografía más suave y una menor capacidad de infiltración. Aún en sustratos volcánicos altamente permeables, se observó que la conversión de bosque a pastizal puede conducir a incrementos importantes en los flujos superfici...

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“…These differences are often the result of the presence or absence of low-lying clouds in direct contact with vegetation. Despite variation in microclimate in the TMCF, this ecosystem experiences consistent annual input of water via rainfall and cloud immersion, which can reduce transpiration and promote FWU (Alvarado- Barrientos et al 2014;Gotsch et al 2014a). In other cloud-affected ecosystems, the presence of low-lying clouds has been shown to reduce evapotranspiration (Burgess and Dawson 2004), contribute to canopy soil water levels through occult precipitation (Dawson 1998) and to directly improve plant water balance through FWU (Simonin et al 2009;Berry and Smith 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Habitat moisture is an important driver of patterns of sap flow and water balance in tropical montane cloud forest epiphytes

et al. 2016

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Microclimate in the tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) is variable on both spatial and temporal scales and can lead to large fluctuations in both leaf-level transpiration and whole plant water use. While variation in transpiration has been found in TMCFs, the influence of different microclimatic drivers on plant water relations in this ecosystem has been relatively understudied. Within the TMCF, epiphytes may be particularly affected by natural variation in microclimate due to their partial or complete disassociation from soil resources. In this study, we examined the effects of seasonal microclimate on whole plant water balance in epiphytes in both an observational and a manipulative experiment. We also evaluated the effects of different microclimatic drivers using three hierarchical linear (mixed) models. On average, 31 % of total positive sap flow was recovered via foliar water uptake (FWU) over the course of the study. We found that precipitation was the greatest driver of foliar water uptake and nighttime sap flow in our study species and that both VPD and precipitation were important drivers to daytime sap flow. We also found that despite adaptations to withstand seasonal drought, an extended dry period caused severe desiccation in most plants despite a large reduction in leaf-level and whole plant transpiration. Our results indicate that the epiphytes studied rely on FWU to maintain positive water balance in the dry season and that increases in dry periods in the TMCF may be detrimental to these common members of the epiphyte community.

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Suppression of transpiration due to cloud immersion in a seasonally dry Mexican weeping pine plantation

Cited by 59 publications

References 61 publications

Rainfall and fog interception at the lower and upper altitudinal limits of cloud forest in Veracruz, Mexico

Rainfall and fog interception at the lower and upper altitudinal limits of cloud forest in Veracruz, Mexico

Efectos hidrológicos de la conversión del bosque de niebla en el centro de Veracruz, México

Habitat moisture is an important driver of patterns of sap flow and water balance in tropical montane cloud forest epiphytes

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