Supramolecular Answers to the Organic Matter Controversy

Wells, Martha J.M.

doi:10.2134/jeq2019.02.0089

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Therefore, the combined intensity and number size plots obtained from the DLS provide an overall representation of the water sample and can serve as a preliminary indicator for presence of nanomaterials. It should be noted that these nanomaterials can be either man‐made, natural, or both (Baalousha et al., 2014; Lead & Wilkinson, 2006; Wells, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dynamic Light Scattering Approach for Detection of Nanomaterials in Tennessee River

Tareq

Boutchuen

Roy

et al. 2021

Water Resources Research

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Application of different engineered nanomaterials is fast‐growing, leading to increased chances of environmental release. Consequently, a robust preliminary detection method for nanomaterials in major ecological environments is beneficial. We report a facile strategy using intensity and number metric of dynamic light scattering to detect presence of nanomaterials in river water. Samples from eight locations of the Tennessee River within Chattanooga were analyzed using our dynamic light scattering technique as a representative assessment of an urban region of Southeastern United States. The average particle sizes (108–294 nm) indicated a possibility of nanomaterials in this region. The results were complemented via scanning electron microscopy. We found that a criteria of identifying peaks at the smallest size distribution for the intensity metric was useful in detecting presence of nanomaterials in environmental samples. The novelty of our approach is the ability to rapidly assess environmental water in solution form with minimum sample preparation artifacts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dynamic Light Scattering Approach for Detection of Nanomaterials in Tennessee River

Tareq

Boutchuen

Roy

et al. 2021

Water Resources Research

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“…В итоге, нужно сохранить традиционные понятия терминов (в том числе, и термина гумус) при решении проблем в рамках экологического направления, и уточнять понятийные объемы некоторых терминов, используемых при решении проблем, связанных с механизмом формирования системы гумусовых веществ, их химической структуры и свойств как природных веществ особого специфичного класса химических соединений У исследователей гумуса и гумусовых веществ еще много нерешенных вопросов, которые можно решать с традиционных позиций, но поиск новаторских подходов в аспекте методической составляющей исследований, безусловно, нужен. Как подчеркивают Baveye and Wander (2019)…”

Section: ***unclassified

Traditions and innovations in soil humus doctrine

Дергачева¹

2021

POS

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The purpose of the work. This article does not claim to be a complete review of the problems currently existing in the Doctrine of Soil Humus and reflected in numerous publications, but aims to present the author's vision of a number of aspects related to the possibilities of combining traditions and innovation - one of the general scientific methodological techniques - in the development of this scientific direction. Methodology. The development and current state of two directions in the study of humus substances of soils – chemical and ecological - are considered. It is emphasized that within the framework of the chemical direction, the search for new (additional) techniques and methods is required to prove the specificity of the chemical structure of humus substances as an independent group of natural carbonaceous compounds. At this stage of research, the most promising may be the consideration of the mechanism of humus substances formation from the standpoint of supramolecular chemistry. The methodological basis for the interpretation of the research materials in the section devoted to the ecological direction is a systematic approach and theoretical provisions of soil ecology. It is proposed to preserve the traditional concepts of terms, including the term humus, when solving problems within the framework of the ecological direction, and to clarify the conceptual scope of some terms used in solving problems related to the mechanism of humus substances system formation, their chemical structure and properties as natural substances of a special specific class of chemical compounds within the framework of the chemical direction. In this article, when considering issues related to the understanding of the humus substances totality as a system, the terms humus and the system of humus substances are used as synonyms. Main results and conclusions. It is proposed to consider humus and humus substances from the standpoint of different directions identified in the Doctrine of Soil Humus. Within the framework of the chemical direction, this soil component can be considered as a substance and as a natural open system. In the first case, humus and humus substances are studied on the basis of a reductionist approach and are interpreted on the basis of the laws, principles, and rules of traditional chemical fields, including the chemistry of natural compounds and polymer chemistry. The emergence of facts, statements, conclusions (which have not yet lost their significance and can relate to traditional ones) is traced at different stages of the development of the Doctrine of soil humus from the origins to the present time. The paradigm of the 20th century, which has not yet been supplanted by other concepts and dominant in modern times, classifies humus substances with a stable structural organization as carbon compounds with a variable composition and is considered as traditional. Consideration of humus substances totality as a complex natural self-organizing and self-regulating system requires other approaches to the study and interpretation of the materials obtained, which are based on a systematic approach that determines the comparison of monofactorial soil series, in each of which the objects of research differ in only one condition, property, chemical structure or function. It is necessary to continue studying the effect of alkaline extraction on the state of humic acids by previously applied and new methods, using the widest possible variety of monofactorial soil series of various natural and anthropogenic conditions of formation, and when a critical level of materials accumulates, it will be possible to draw an unambiguous conclusion and determine those conditions under which alkaline extraction should be excluded.

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“…Wells (2019) provides a review of the role of supramolecular associations of smaller biomolecules as the mechanism responsible for humic substances. The hypothesis considered is that hydrogen (H) bonds from weak to very strong contribute to the intrinsic recalcitrance of natural organic matter supramolecular assemblages.…”

Section: Case Studies and Reviews Of Humic Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Understanding of the Use of Alkaline Extractions of Soils to Investigate Soil Organic Matter and Environmental Processes

2019

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A better understanding of soil organic matter (SOM) biogeochemistry is critical to meeting the environmental challenges that we face currently with the changing climate. Humic substances obtained from alkaline extractions of soils have played a predominant role in developing our knowledge of SOM chemistry and behavior during the 20th century. Recently, there have been new important developments that, according to some researchers, may be used to argue against the existence of the humic substances in soils as they are presently defined. A debate on the definition and continued use of the term “humic substances” has been taking place at conferences and in the scientific literature. However, because a consensus has not been reached on this important topic, the use of the term “humic substances” in this special issue conforms to the current existing definition of this term. This special issue of the Journal of Environmental Quality includes 10 papers on the subject of “Alkaline Extraction of Soils and Natural Waters to Understand Environmental Processes” and contributes to the ongoing assessment of the role of humic substances in current and future soil, environmental, and ecological studies. The contributed papers are grouped into three broad subject headings: (i) chemistry of humic substances, (ii) humic substances in environmental processes, and (iii) case studies and reviews of humic substances. Continued progress in understanding SOM and C biogeochemistry is essential to achieve long‐term ecological, environmental, and agricultural sustainability through the development of management strategies that conserve soil C and reduce the reliance on chemical inputs for meeting crop nutrient needs. Core Ideas This section aims to provide a wide‐ranging view of current humic substances research. Are humic substances appropriate proxies for soil organic matter? Better understanding of soil organic matter will enable future environmental sustainability.

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Supramolecular Answers to the Organic Matter Controversy

Cited by 34 publications

References 49 publications

A Dynamic Light Scattering Approach for Detection of Nanomaterials in Tennessee River

A Dynamic Light Scattering Approach for Detection of Nanomaterials in Tennessee River

Traditions and innovations in soil humus doctrine

Current Understanding of the Use of Alkaline Extractions of Soils to Investigate Soil Organic Matter and Environmental Processes

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