Supramolecular Biomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy

Abstract

Cancer immunotherapy has achieved tremendous successful clinical results and obtained historic victories in tumor treatments. However, great limitations associated with feeble immune responses and serious adverse effects still cannot be neglected due to the complicated multifactorial etiology and pathologic microenvironment in tumors. The rapid development of nanomedical science and material science has facilitated the advanced progress of engineering biomaterials to tackle critical issues. The supramolecular biomaterials with flexible and modular structures have exhibited unparalleled advantages of high cargo-loading efficiency, excellent biocompatibility, and diversiform immunomodulatory activity, thereby providing a powerful weapon for cancer immunotherapy. In past decades, supramolecular biomaterials were extensively explored as versatile delivery platforms for immunotherapeutic agents or designed to interact with the key moleculars in immune system in a precise and controllable manner. In this review, we focused on the crucial role of supramolecular biomaterials in the modulation of pivotal steps during tumor immunotherapy, including antigen delivery and presentation, T lymphocyte activation, tumor-associated macrophage elimination and repolarization, and myeloid-derived suppressor cell depletion. Based on extensive research, we explored the current limitations and development prospects of supramolecular biomaterials in cancer immunotherapy.

Spider-Venom Peptides: Structure, Bioactivity, Strategy, and Research Applications

“…Over the past few decades, significant advances in the treatment of cancer have been focused on chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and surgery. Nevertheless, the major problems of these conventional therapies were the relatively low success rate, serious side effects, and drug resistance [48][49][50]. Consequently, Lycotoxin I Lycosa carolinensis IWLTALKFLGKHAAKHLAKQQLSKL-NH 2 [24] Lycotoxin II Lycosa carolinensis KIKWFKTMKSIAKFIAKEQMKKHLGGE-OH [24] Lycocitin 1 Lycosa singoriensis GKLQAFLAKMKEIAAQTL-NH 2 [37] Lycocitin 2 Lycosa singoriensis GRLQAFLAKMKEIAAQTL-NH 2 [37] Ltc 1 Lachesana tarabaevi SMWSGMWRRKLKKLRNALKKKLKGE-OH [38] Ltc 2a Lachesana tarabaevi GLFGKLIKKFGRKAISYAVKKARGKH-OH [38] Ltc 3a Lachesana tarabaevi SWKSMAKKLKEYMEKLKQRA-NH 2 [38] Ltc 3b Lachesana tarabaevi SWASMAKKLKEYMEKLKQRA-NH 2 [38] Ltc 4a Lachesana tarabaevi GLKDKFKSMGEKLKQYIQTWKAKF-NH 2 [38] Ltc 4b Lachesana tarabaevi SLKDKVKSMGEKLKQYIQTWKAKF-NH 2 [38] Ltc 5 Lachesana tarabaevi GFFGKMKEYFKKFGASFKRRFANLKKRL-NH 2 [38] CIT 1a Lachesana tarabaevi GFFGNTWKKIKGKADKIMLKKAVKIMVKKEGISKEEAQAKVD AMSKKQIRLYLLKYYGKKALQKASEKL-OH [38] LyeTx I Lycosa erythrognatha IWLTALKFLGKNLGKHLAKQQLAKL-OH [39] Cupiennin 1a Cupiennius salei GFGALFKFLAKKVAKTVAKQAAKQGAKYVVNKQME-NH 2 [40] LyeTx I Lycosa erythrognatha IWLTALKFLGKNLGKHLAKQQLAKL-NH 2 [41] U1-SCRTX-Lg1a Loxosceles gaucho VGTDFSGNDDISDVQK-NH 2 [42] Lycotoxin-Pa4a Pardosa astrigera…”

Rapid and Versatile Synthesis of Glutathione-Responsive Polycarbonates from Activated Cyclic Carbonates

“…Cancer is a substantial global healthcare concern and currently stands as the second leading cause of death in the United States, characterized by notably elevated rates of both incidence and mortality . Chemotherapy that employs drugs to kill active cancer cells noninvasively remains the most common methods for cancer therapy. − However, many therapeutic agents, either small-molecule drugs or biologic agents, have been challenged by their lack of specificity, short half-life, low therapeutic efficiency, increased risk of undesired side effects, and requirements of higher-dose and frequent administration. − There is a pressing need for biocompatible and degradable smart drug delivery systems (SDDSs) that can preferentially accumulate and bind to diseased sites with controlled drug release. − …”

Active Dual‐Protein Coating Assisted by Stepwise Protein–Protein Interactions Assembly Reduces Thrombosis and Infection

“…[ 2 ] Inspired by these functional natural films, a range of protein‐based coatings has been developed in practical applications, such as food packaging, [ 3 ] textiles, [ 4 ] and particularly in biomedical devices. [ 5 ] However, despite the recent advancements in supramolecular assembly strategies, [ 6 ] the realization and design of biological functionalities for protein coatings still present a significant challenge.…”