Supramolecular Chemistry of Protoporphyrin IX and Its Derivatives

Bhosale, Sheshanath V.; Bhosale, Sidhanath V.; Shitre, Ganesh V.; Bobe, Sharad R.; Gupta, Akhil

doi:10.1002/ejoc.201300240

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Inside the epithelial cells, a haem protein, which was once part of a red blood cell, is converted to protoporphyrin-IX (Yang et al 2009). A report by Bhosale et al (2013) stated that protoporphyrin IX belonged to a group of biologically active tetrapyrrole compounds. Structurally, protoporphyrin IX is a tetrapyrrole ring containing a highly conjugated planner and a rigid macrocycle consisting of four pyrrole rings, which are connected by methane groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A selection study for improving eggshell colour in two parent lines of laying hens and their hybrids

Göğer

Demi̇rtaş

Yurtoğullari

2016

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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The aim of this research was to evaluate selection studies towards increasing eggshell colour intensity and homogeneity, without reducing egg production of brown-egg-laying hens at the Poultry Research Institute of Ankara, Turkey. This study was based on data obtained from 1342 pedigree Barred Rock-1 (BAR-1), 1158 pedigree Rhode Island Red-1 (RIR-1) and 611 hybrid (RIR-1 x BAR-1 or ATAK-S) brown laying hens, where eggshell colour and egg production performances were determined. Hens were selected for dark, uniform shells and egg production performance, as paternal and maternal lines from RIR-1 and BAR-1 base populations. Colour coordinates; L* (brightness), a* (red/green scale), b* (yellow/blue scale) and eggshell colour index (SCI) were determined. The values of L*, b* and a* were significantly changed during the study. The estimated heritabilities for BAR-1 hens of egg weight (EW), L*, a*, b* and SCI were as follows: 0.62, 0.64, 0.62, 0.55 and 0.32; The RIR-1 hen values were as follows: 0.51, 0.74, 0.64, 0.22 and 0.39, respectively. It was concluded that the performance of parents and hybrids was better than that of the base populations, with respect to the characteristics studied.ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A selection study for improving eggshell colour in two parent lines of laying hens and their hybrids

Göğer

Demi̇rtaş

Yurtoğullari

2016

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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“…Protoporphyrin IX belongs to a group of families of biologically active tetrapyrrole compounds. Structurally, protoporphyrin IX is a tetrapyrrole ring containing a highly conjugated planner and a rigid macrocycle consisting of four pyrrole rings connected by methane groups (Bhosale et al, 2013). The nomenclature of this tetrapyrrole compound often includes a numerical suffix such as IX, which refers to the position of the side chain (Sparks, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eggshell color in brown-egg laying hens — a review

2015

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The major pigment in eggshells of brown-egg laying hens is protoporphyrin IX, but traces of biliverdin and its zinc chelates are also present. The pigment appears to be synthesized in the shell gland. The protoporphyrin IX synthetic pathway is well defined, but precisely where and how it is synthesized in the shell gland of the brown-egg laying hen is still ambiguous. The pigment is deposited onto all shell layers including the shell membranes, but most of it is concentrated in the outermost layer of the calcareous shell and in the cuticle. Recently, the genes that are involved in pigment synthesis have been identified, but the genetic control of synthesis and deposition of brown pigment in the commercial laying hen is not fully understood. The brown coloration of the shell is an important shell quality parameter and has a positive influence on consumer preference. The extent of pigment deposition is influenced by the housing system, hen age, hen strain, diet, stressors, and certain diseases such as infectious bronchitis. In this article, the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the brown pigment in commercial brown-egg layers are reviewed in relation to its various functions in the poultry industry.

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“…Porphyrin and its derivatives, originally called the coloring of life, play an important role in life living organisms [6]. Porphyrin contains four pyrrole rings (tetrapyrrole)connected by methane groups and there are fifteen kinds of possible isomers formed by the side chains on the porphyrin rings through different combinations [3, 7]. The structure of tetrapyrrole is highly conjugated which produces absorption bands in the visible region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Identifies Potential Regulatory Proteins Involved in Chicken Eggshell Brownness

Sun

Wu³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Brown eggs are popular in many countries and consumers regard eggshell brownness as an important indicator of egg quality. However, the potential regulatory proteins and detailed molecular mechanisms regulating eggshell brownness have yet to be clearly defined. In the present study, we performed quantitative proteomics analysis with iTRAQ technology in the shell gland epithelium of hens laying dark and light brown eggs to investigate the candidate proteins and molecular mechanisms underlying variation in chicken eggshell brownness. The results indicated 147 differentially expressed proteins between these two groups, among which 65 and 82 proteins were significantly up-regulated in the light and dark groups, respectively. Functional analysis indicated that in the light group, the down-regulated iron-sulfur cluster assembly protein (Iba57) would decrease the synthesis of protoporphyrin IX; furthermore, the up-regulated protein solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; adenine nucleotide translocator), member 5 (SLC25A5) and down-regulated translocator protein (TSPO) would lead to increased amounts of protoporphyrin IX transported into the mitochondria matrix to form heme with iron, which is supplied by ovotransferrin protein (TF). In other words, chickens from the light group produce less protoporphyrin IX, which is mainly used for heme synthesis. Therefore, the exported protoporphyrin IX available for eggshell deposition and brownness is reduced in the light group. The current study provides valuable information to elucidate variation of chicken eggshell brownness, and demonstrates the feasibility and sensitivity of iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis in providing useful insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying brown eggshell pigmentation.

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Supramolecular Chemistry of Protoporphyrin IX and Its Derivatives

Cited by 25 publications

References 47 publications

A selection study for improving eggshell colour in two parent lines of laying hens and their hybrids

A selection study for improving eggshell colour in two parent lines of laying hens and their hybrids

Eggshell color in brown-egg laying hens — a review

iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Identifies Potential Regulatory Proteins Involved in Chicken Eggshell Brownness

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