This microreview surveys developments in applications of protoporphyrin IX (PP‐IX) derivatives in the fields of supramolecular science, artificial photosynthesis and biomedical science. It begins with the introduction of general PP‐IX structure, methods of synthesis and discussion of properties such as solid‐ and liquid‐state interactions. This is followed by description of the compounds' one‐dimensional nano‐superstructures, such as vesicles, tubules, fibres, micellar nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods and coils. Furthermore, a recent advance in protoporphyrin research in the area of monolayer formation is covered. Finally we explore the use of PP‐IX derivatives in energy‐ and electron‐transfer system construction. We conclude with our views on the prospects of PP‐IX for future research endeavours.

The supramolecular self-assembly of the core-substituted naphthalene diimide bearing pyridyl motifs leads to the formation of a variety of nanostructures with pH and solvent control. The detection of HCl can be monitored by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as the naked eye, with a change in colour (blue to red, see figure). The cycle is fully reversed by the addition of triethylamine (TEA).

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The cover picture showsthat modifying the naturally occurring protoporphyrin IX through amide linkages and/or vinyl group functionalization, crystallization in solution, as well as on solid substrates, can be avoided. Self‐assembly plays a vital role in the construction of thermodynamically stable nanostructures at both the cellular and sub‐cellular levels with nano‐ to millimeter dimensions. These nanostructures have been developed through a “bottom‐up” strategy. Protoporphyrin IX derivatives self‐assembled into a variety of nanostructures such as nanotubes and nanospheres, the helical and vesicular morphology of which depends on the substitution and solvent used from nanometer to millimeter. The background is a rainbow view of the metal derivatives of naturally occurring protoporphyrin IX, since protoporphyrin changes its color depending on the metal inserted inside the cavity. Details are presented in the Microreview by S. V. Bhosale, S. V. Bhosale et al. on . The cover picture was elaborated by Dr. Sheshanath Bhosale and Dr. Mohammad Al Kobaisi.