Surf‐to‐wind Transfer of Viruses

Baylor, Edward R.; Baylor, Martha B.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18923.x

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…70,71 In particular, the use of oxygen masks, 72,73 and power tools in dental practice 74e77 and orthopaedics 77e84 may pose a risk of aerosol infection. Aerosol dispersal of infectious agents has also been demonstrated in wastewater spray sites, 85 surface waves on the sea, 86 the flushing of the household toilet, 87 and even just opening a standard hinged door. 88…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors involved in the aerosol transmission of infection and control of ventilation in healthcare premises

Tang

Eames

et al. 2006

Journal of Hospital Infection

592

577

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The epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 highlighted both short- and long-range transmission routes, i.e. between infected patients and healthcare workers, and between distant locations. With other infections such as tuberculosis, measles and chickenpox, the concept of aerosol transmission is so well accepted that isolation of such patients is the norm. With current concerns about a possible approaching influenza pandemic, the control of transmission via infectious air has become more important. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe the factors involved in: (1) the generation of an infectious aerosol, (2) the transmission of infectious droplets or droplet nuclei from this aerosol, and (3) the potential for inhalation of such droplets or droplet nuclei by a susceptible host. On this basis, recommendations are made to improve the control of aerosol-transmitted infections in hospitals as well as in the design and construction of future isolation facilities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors involved in the aerosol transmission of infection and control of ventilation in healthcare premises

Tang

Eames

et al. 2006

Journal of Hospital Infection

592

577

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“…(Fannin et al, 1985;Carducci et al, 1995;Sigari et al, 2006), the total numbers of viruses in aerosol are not large, and their contribution to the total mass of aerosol is negligible. As for more powerful sources, such as soil, vegetation and water surfaces, data on virus aerosol in the air in natural conditions are available only for the latter (Baylor et al, 1977a(Baylor et al, , 1977bBaylor and Baylor, 1980). Virus-like particles can also be present in the atmosphere and water, such as those described by Leck and Bigg (2005a) using electron microscopy.…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Virus-containing aerosols are formed in spray from water surfaces (Baylor et al, 1977a;Baylor et al, 1977b;Baylor and Baylor, 1980), from aerosolised virus-destroyed tissues of plants, insects, animals and birds; they are also shed by sick animals, birds and humans (Zhdanov and Gaudamovich, 1982b;Jones and Harrison, 2004). One should also note the intentional use of aerosols of insect viruses for plant protection (Morris, 1980;Maiorov et al, 1985;Jinn et al, 2009).…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review

Després¹,

Huffman

Burrows³

et al. 2012

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

1,194

1,114

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A B S T R A C T Atmospheric aerosol particles of biological origin are a very diverse group of biological materials and structures, including microorganisms, dispersal units, fragments and excretions of biological organisms. In recent years, the impact of biological aerosol particles on atmospheric processes has been studied with increasing intensity, and a wealth of new information and insights has been gained. This review outlines the current knowledge on major categories of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP): bacteria and archaea, fungal spores and fragments, pollen, viruses, algae and cyanobacteria, biological crusts and lichens and others like plant or animal fragments and detritus. We give an overview of sampling methods and physical, chemical and biological techniques for PBAP analysis (cultivation, microscopy, DNA/RNA analysis, chemical tracers, optical and mass spectrometry, etc.). Moreover, we address and summarise the current understanding and open questions concerning the influence of PBAP on the atmosphere and climate, i.e. their optical properties and their ability to act as ice nuclei (IN) or cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). We suggest that the following research activities should be pursued in future studies of atmospheric biological aerosol particles: (1) develop efficient and reliable analytical techniques for the identification and quantification of PBAP; (2) apply advanced and standardised techniques to determine the abundance and diversity of PBAP and their seasonal variation at regional and global scales (atmospheric biogeography); (3) determine the emission rates, optical properties, IN and CCN activity of PBAP in field measurements and laboratory experiments; (4) use field and laboratory data to constrain numerical models of atmospheric transport, transformation and climate effects of PBAP.

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“…This can result in an enrichment of bacterial concentration in the bubble surface relative to the bulk concentration in the liquid. Both the film droplets and the jet droplets that are formed from the bubble surface can have an enrichment of bacterial concentration up to several hundred fold (Willeke and Baron 1987) and as high as one thousand fold (Baylor and Baylor 1980). The bacterial enrichment depends on the distance the bubbles rise through the water and on water contaminants such as surfactants and oils (Willeke and Baron 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Aerobiological Pathway of a Fish Pathogen: Survival and Dissemination of Aeromonas salmonicida in Aerosols and its Implications in Fish Health Management

Wooster

Bowser

1996

J World Aquaculture Soc

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The aerobiological (aerosol) pathway of Aeromonus sulmonicida subspecies sulmonicidu (ATCC 33658) was investigated. Results indicate that viable A. sulmonicidu can travel as an aerosol/droplet spray at least 104.1 cm (limits of the test chamber used) when carried by air currents. Additionally, viable A. sulmonicidu was recovered from water exposed to an experimentally generated aerosol/ droplet spray of A. salmonicidu downwind from the contaminant source. It is possible that viable bacterial aquatic animal pathogens can be spread via the airborne route. This possible route of pathogen introduction could effect current management or system designs, especially when aquaculture systems consist of tanks in close proximity.Q

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Surf‐to‐wind Transfer of Viruses

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Factors involved in the aerosol transmission of infection and control of ventilation in healthcare premises

Factors involved in the aerosol transmission of infection and control of ventilation in healthcare premises

Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review

The Aerobiological Pathway of a Fish Pathogen: Survival and Dissemination of Aeromonas salmonicida in Aerosols and its Implications in Fish Health Management

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