Surface-Active Ionic Liquid Cholinium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate: Self-Assembling Behavior and Interaction with Cellulase

Abstract

The conventional sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (NaDBS) has been converted into an efficient and nontoxic anionic surface-active ionic liquid, cholinium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Cho[DBS]). We have investigated its self-assembling behavior, interaction with the enzyme cellulase, and ecotoxicity. The surface-active properties at the air–liquid interface and the aggregation behavior of Cho[DBS] in water have been determined using tensiometry, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), conductometry, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The enzyme activity was observed using dinitro salicylic acid analysis. The enhanced enzyme activity was explained through active-site exfoliation and structural constancy of cellulase in the micellar medium using the results from fluorescence, circular dichroism, DLS, and ITC. The nontoxic nature was confirmed by toxicity analysis on the freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus sp.

Isothermal titration calorimetry and surface plasmon resonance analysis using the dynamic approach

“…Aggregation mechanisms are usually complex and difficult to model, due to the various binding modes available for the intra and inter molecular complex formation [25,27,36]. However, any complex aggregation mechanism can be modelled as a series of sequential binding mechanism, with several steps in between the monomer and the final aggregate polymer.…”

Biocompatible Ionic Liquid Surfactant-Based Microemulsion as a Potential Carrier for Sparingly Soluble Drugs

“…Subsequently, they evaluated the dermal delivery of 5-fluorouracil through an IL/O system and investigated the influence of the surfactant ratio in an effort to promote their application in pharmaceutics . Recently, researchers have introduced ILs as a surface-active IL (SAIL) to serve as a surfactant by combining cations and anions with long alkyl chains for formulating different organized assemblies and improving the physico-thermal stabilities of MEs over aqueous conventional systems. , It has been reported that the SAILs possessed better surface-active properties, enhanced antimicrobial and skin permeation activity, and high temperature stability and temperature insensitivity, and they even are considered as environmentally friendly surfactants (amino acids and choline-containing SAIL) as compared to conventional surfactants. ,− When the nonionic conventional surfactants such as Tween-80 are used to prepare MEs, they are not stable at high temperatures as compared to ionic surfactants. , However, most of the SAILs are ionic and able to solubilize hydrophilic ILs, which facilitates the generation of stable IL/O ME formulations over a wide temperature range. , The SAILs also possess combined properties of ILs and surfactants. Recently, Zech et al formulated and characterized a SAIL-containing ME (1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) where 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and ethylammonium nitrate were used as polar components and dodecane was used as the nonpolar component, and Rojas et al formulated and characterized a SAIL-containing ME (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dodecylsulfate) composed of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate as the polar medium and toluene as the nonpolar medium .…”

ITC and SPR Analysis Using Dynamic Approach

“…Aggregation mechanisms are usually complex and difficult to model, due to the various binding modes available for the intra and inter molecular complex formation [24,26,35]. However, any complex aggregation mechanism can be modelled as a series of sequential binding mechanism, with several steps in between the monomer and the final aggregate polymer.…”