Surface and Deep Soil 222Rn Gas Exhalation Comparison: A Case Study in Tawke, Duhok, Northern Iraq

Abstract

In this study, 13 different surface locations and 20 mud samples were collected during drilling, from one of the oil wells in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The samples were taken at different well depths. RAD7 technique was used for finding the radon concentration. The smallest values in soil and surface were 14.12±8.59 and 16±4.24Bq/m3 and the highest were 93.25+21.72 and 137±8.76Bq/m3 respectively. The difference in the depth and surface formation shows the surface formation over depth ratio. The exhalation rate recorded value of the surface was generally higher than that of the depth formations. The exhalation results were finally compared with the recommended values of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) levels. The data show that it was less than the standards of IAEA.

Efficiency and Durability Assessment of Soil Stabilization using Waste Tire Shreds

“…It is well-recognized that soil stabilization can improve the engineering qualities of soil. One of the most prevalent ways of soil remediation is the practice of mixing tire shreds with the soil [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Approximately millions of tires are discarded annually from the utilization cycle and deposited in natural environments.…”

“…These materials offer unique properties that improve the quality of geotechnical works, such as durability, strength, lightness, compaction, drainage, and high frictional resistance [21][22]. As a result, mixing these materials with low-shear soil can address geotechnical issues faced by civil engineers, in addition to providing an economical solution to environmental problems [8,23]. Many studies have investigated the shear strength characteristics of sand and rubber mixtures, underlining the importance of adding some rubber to the sand to increase its shear strength affected by various criteria such as normal stress, tire content, tire aspect ratio, tire length, sand matrix unit weight, and compaction [24][25][26].…”

Assessment of 222Radon Concentration and Annual Effective Dose in Drinking Water in Bardarash, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

“…The primary theme of this collection is radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas produced by the decay of 238 U. The uranium present in soil progressively degrades to other radionuclides like radium, which over time transforms into radon [8][9][10]. A small portion of the radium enters the groundwater and remains below the surface.…”

Cetane Number Improvement of Distilled Diesel from Tawke Wells

“…Numerous studies have been carried out to study the extracted crude oil from the wells of Tawke region in Iraqi Kurdistan [13], but the investigation in crude oil and its components from the specific wells requires more investigations to reach the desired characteristics and to improve its properties. The tests described in the current paper were performed using a sample consisting of diesel mixed with a measured amount of m-nitrophenol, 4-nitro toluene, and nitrobenzene to aggregate the effect of those components on the diesel.…”