Surface and Interfacial Tensions of Polymers, Oligomers, Plasticizers, and Organic Pigments

Wu, Souheng

doi:10.1002/0471532053.bra044

Cited by 43 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Secondly, it is known that the surface tension of a polymer solution is proportional to the molecular masses of the polymer [52]. We propose that surface tension in the electrospray droplets may play an important role in this observed mass bias.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Mass Spectramentioning

confidence: 78%

Comparative studies of poly(dimethyl siloxanes) using automated GPC-MALDI-TOF MS and on-line GPC-ESI-TOF MS

Liu¹,

Maziarz²,

Heiler³

et al. 2003

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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In this study we compare on-line gel permeation chromatography (GPC) electrospray ionization (ESI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) to automated GPC matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) TOF MS for poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) analysis. Average mass values for a hydroxyl-terminated PDMS (OH-PDMS) sample were obtained and compared to traditional GPC that was calibrated with narrow polystyrene standards, by direct ESI and MALDI MS analysis, by a summation of mass spectra of all GPC fractions, and also by the recalibration method determined by both mass spectrometric methods. Quantitatively, the difference noted here between these hyphenated techniques is that GPC-ESI-TOF MS effectively reports the low-mass oligomers and underestimates the high-mass oligomers, while GPC-MALDI-TOF MS effectively reports the high-mass oligomers and underestimates the low-mass oligomers. In the GPC-ESI-TOF MS experiments, ion current suppression was observed in the high molecular weight region. The suppression effect was confirmed by repeatable sample runs and by injecting different PDMS samples. Higher chromatographic resolution was observed for GPC-ESI-TOF MS compared to GPC-MALDI-TOF MS. In fact, truly mono-disperse oligomers were observed in the low molecular weight range from GPC-ESI MS experiments. (J

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Section: Evaluation Of the Mass Spectramentioning

confidence: 78%

Comparative studies of poly(dimethyl siloxanes) using automated GPC-MALDI-TOF MS and on-line GPC-ESI-TOF MS

Liu¹,

Maziarz²,

Heiler³

et al. 2003

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…and polar (γ Polar ) components, as shown in Eqn 4. [36] The dispersive component of the surface free energy is non-polar since it arises from transient induced fluctuations of the electron bonds of materials, as described by the vdW-Ld dispersion interaction. The polarity (x P ) can then be defined by Eqn 5.…”

Section: Surface Free Energy Dispersive and Non-dispersive Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Properties and van der Waals - London Dispersion Interactions of Polystyrene Determined by Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

et al. 2007

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The interband optical properties of polystyrene in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region have been investigated using combined spectroscopic ellipsometry and VUV spectroscopy. Over the range 1.5-32 eV, the optical properties exhibit electronic transitions we assign to three groupings, E 1 , E 2 , and E 3 , corresponding to a hierarchy of interband transitions of aromatic (π → π*), non-bonding (n → π*, n → σ*), and saturated (σ → σ*) orbitals. In polystyrene there are strong features in the interband transitions arising from the side-chain π bonding of the aromatic ring consisting of a shoulder at 5.8 eV (E 1 ) and a peak at 6.3 eV (E 1 ), and from the σ bonding of the C-C backbone at 12 eV (E 3 ) and 17.1 eV (E 3 ). These E 3 transitions have characteristic critical point line shapes associated with one-dimensionally delocalized electron states in the polymer backbone. A small shoulder at 9.9 eV (E 2 ) is associated with excitations possibly from residual monomer or impurities. Knowledge of the valence electronic excitations of a material provides the necessary optical properties to calculate the van der Waals-London dispersion interactions using Lifshitz quantum electrodynamics theory and full spectral optical properties. Hamaker constants and the van der Waals-London dispersion component of the surface free energy for polystyrene were determined. These Lifshitz results were compared to the total surface free energy of polystyrene, polarity, and dispersive component of the surface free energy as determined from contact angle measurements with two liquids, and with literature values. The Lifshitz approach, using full spectral Hamaker constants, is a more direct determination of the van der Waals-London dispersion component of the surface free energy of polystyrene than other methods.

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“…It was verified that the majority of the (-dg/dT) values 18 for polymers is in the range between 0.06 and 0.08; therefore due to the difficulty of calculating the SAN surface tension at 240 °C, those values were used to estimate its surface tension, which is also shown in Table 5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial tension of PBT/SAN blends by the drop retraction method

et al. 2008

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The aim of this work was to evaluate the interfacial tension from the poly(butylene terephtalate) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (PBT/SAN) interface region using the drop retraction method. SAN filaments were sandwiched between two PBT films; the whole system was heated up to 240 °C, in a hot stage coupled to an optical microscope. The rheological parameters of the PBT/SAN system were obtained by parallel plates rheometry. An increase of the interfacial tension with the PBT molecular weight was observed with values between 0.57 and 1.06 mN/m, depending on the molecular weight. Theoretical values were calculated using the geometric-mean and harmonic-mean equations and were found to be similar to the experimental results. Viscosity measurements showed that the higher the SAN/PBT viscosity ratio, the lower the interfacial tension of these blends.

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Surface and Interfacial Tensions of Polymers, Oligomers, Plasticizers, and Organic Pigments

Cited by 43 publications

References 83 publications

Comparative studies of poly(dimethyl siloxanes) using automated GPC-MALDI-TOF MS and on-line GPC-ESI-TOF MS

Comparative studies of poly(dimethyl siloxanes) using automated GPC-MALDI-TOF MS and on-line GPC-ESI-TOF MS

Optical Properties and van der Waals - London Dispersion Interactions of Polystyrene Determined by Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

Interfacial tension of PBT/SAN blends by the drop retraction method

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