Surface Area of the Atlanto-Occipital Articulations

Mysorekar, V. R.; Nandedkar, A. N.

doi:10.1159/000146221

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…For this reason, ATDs have their upper neck load cell located at the OCs. The condyles, which have both length and area (Mysorekar and Nandedkar, 1986;Febbo et al, 1992;Bozbuga et al, 1999), have not been quantitatively located with respect to cranial landmarks (Byars et al, 1970;Hubbard and McLeod, 1973;Butler, 1992). Interestingly enough, few studies even suggest a geometric location of the OCs McLeod, 1973, 1974;Butler, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly enough, few studies even suggest a geometric location of the OCs McLeod, 1973, 1974;Butler, 1992). Most studies with OC measurements only include a morphometric analysis of the skull base without any reference to cranial anthropometric landmarks (Mysorekar and Nandedkar, 1986;Febbo et al, 1992;Bozbuga et al, 1999;Cicekcibasi et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A kinematic and anthropometric study of the upper cervical spine and the occipital condyles

Chancey

Ottaviano

Myers

et al. 2007

Journal of Biomechanics

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A kinematic and anthropometric study of the upper cervical spine and the occipital condyles

Chancey

Ottaviano

Myers

et al. 2007

Journal of Biomechanics

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“…Method 2, described by Mysorekar and Nandedkar (1986), 10 was also used to determine surface areas. This method consisted of producing moulds of the articular surfaces of the atlas and its respective condyle by pressing a thin strip of aluminum foil, which precisely fitted each bony projection and depression, onto the articular surface of the atlas and the condyle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although that study demonstrated anomalies in the surface areas, no data were presented with regard to the preciseness of fit between the articulating surfaces. 10 Based on the information provided above, the objective of this study was to assess matched A/O ipsilateral and contralateral joint articular surfaces in human cadavers in regard to symmetry between opposing joint surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface area congruence of atlas superior articulating facets and occipital condyles

Briggs

Hart

Navis

et al. 2008

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the surface areas of 12 atlanto-occipital joints from 6 cadavers to determine how well their ipsilateral and contralateral surface areas matched. Methods: Three methods were used. Method 1 consisted of digitized photographs downloaded to the Able Image Analyser software program (Ljubljana, Slovenia; http://able. mulabs.com). The perimeters were measured and expressed as square millimeters. Method 2 consisted of a point count method using moulds of the joint surfaces produced by pressing aluminum paper, leaving a clear imprint for analysis. Method 3 consisted of drawing outlines of the molds from method 2 onto transparencies and assessing overlap. Results: Method 1 showed a moderate correlation of matched articular surfaces between the left C1 superior articulating surface and the left condyle (r = 0.573, P = .01). Method 2 showed moderate correlations between all surface areas that were analyzed. The matched pairs compared were left C1 superior articulating surface and left condyle (r = 0.588, P = .01) and right C1 and right condyle (r = 0.730, P = .001). The contralateral surfaces correlated were left C1 and right C1 (r = 0.596, P = .009) and right condyle and left condyle (r = 0.769, P = .000). Method 3 showed no statistically significant differences between surface areas. Conclusions: All 3 methods revealed that the articular surfaces of the atlas and corresponding or contralateral condyle for specimens used in this study were not an exact match.

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“…Probably the circular areas represent pressure areas during the movement and rough areas represent the non-articular areas. In general, human beings during their day to day activities tend to incline their heads to one side more than the other and that may influence the amount of articular surface area on each side of the atlas as well as on the occipital condyles (10). Few workers discussed the complete division of superior articular facets and variation in the depth of intact facets from being flat, 3mm or less to 5mm or greater (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Morphometric Asymmetry of Atlas Vertebrae

Ansari¹,

Mukesh²,

Kb³

et al. 2016

JSA

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The commonly used examination procedures of the upper cervical spine depend upon the symmetry for comparison and interpretation of joint functions. If symmetry is not normal, then these assessments may mislead the examiners, allowing them implementation of incorrect treatment plans. Objectives of this study are to explore the possibility that asymmetry is more common than symmetry and, if it is true, to find out the effects of asymmetry on the biomechanics of these joints. The study was carried out on 30 atlas vertebrae of cadavers of Indian origin. The different intra-atlas distances were measured on both sides by digital vernier calliper. All the parameters studied showed statistically significant differences between the right and left side i.e. a p value of < 0.05. The anteroposterior diameter of the foramen transversarium, the transverse diameter of the foramen transversarium, the distance from the midline to medial edge of the vertebral artery groove (inner as well as outer cortex) and the length of the superior articular facets were more on the right side as compared to the left side. The breadth as well as the length of the inferior articular facet, the breadth of the superior articular facet and the difference of posterior arch thickness at the site of vertebral artery groove were more on the left side as compared to the right side. These differences may be explained by the handedness of an individual, which influences the intra-osteal asymmetry in a characteristically distinct manner, which needs to be confirmed or refuted in a further study.

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Surface Area of the Atlanto-Occipital Articulations

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

A kinematic and anthropometric study of the upper cervical spine and the occipital condyles

A kinematic and anthropometric study of the upper cervical spine and the occipital condyles

Surface area congruence of atlas superior articulating facets and occipital condyles

A Study on the Morphometric Asymmetry of Atlas Vertebrae

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