Surface characteristics and structure of anodic oxide films containing Ca and P on a titanium implant material

Zhu, Xiaolong; Ong, Joo L.; Kim, Sukyoung; Kim, Kyohan

doi:10.1002/jbm.10105

Cited by 87 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…There are different techniques that can be used to design It is widely reported that sparks phenomena are related to the nature and concentration of ions in the electrolyte, and that they cause the formation of larger pores [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, despite their notable advantages, the bioinert nature of these materials could be involved in the production of nonadherent fibrous tissue at the bone-material biointerface,affecting in some cases the implant stability and increasing the risk of the implant loosening over time [11]. Several studies have shown that surface properties such as porosity, roughness, hydrophobic/hydrophilic characteristics, texture, morphology, composition and free surface energy are important factors to stimulate cells adhesion, morphologicalchanges, and enhancing cells proliferation and differentiation around the implant as well [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Osseointegration improvement by plasma electrolytic oxidation of modified titanium alloys surfaces

Echeverry‐Rendón

Galvis

Giraldo

et al. 2015

J Mater Sci: Mater Med

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Titanium (Ti) is a material frequently used in orthopedic applications, due to its good mechanical properties and high corrosion resistance. However, formation of a non-adherent fibrous tissue between material and bone drastically could affect the osseointegration process and, therefore, the mechanical stability of the implant. Modifications of topography and configuration of the tissue/ material interface is one of the mechanisms to improve that process by manipulating parameters such as morphology and roughness. There are different techniques that can be used to modify the titanium surface; plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is one of those alternatives, which consists of obtaining porous anodic coatings by controlling parameters such as voltage, current, anodizing solution and time of the reaction. From all of the above factors, and based on previous studies that demonstrated that bone cells sense substrates features to grow new tissue, in this work commercially pure Ti (c.p Ti) and Ti6Al4V alloy samples were modified at their surface by PEO in different anodizing solutions composed of H2SO4 and H3PO4 mixtures. Treated surfaces were characterized and used as platforms to grow osteoblasts; subsequently, cell behavior parameters like adhesion, proliferation and differentiation were also studied. Although the results showed no significant differences in proliferation, differentiation and cell biological activity, overall results showed an important influence of topography of the modified surfaces compared with polished untreated surfaces. Finally, this study offers an alternative protocol to modify surfaces of Ti and their alloys in a controlled and reproducible way in which biocompatibility of the material is not compromised and osseointegration would be improved.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osseointegration improvement by plasma electrolytic oxidation of modified titanium alloys surfaces

Echeverry‐Rendón

Galvis

Giraldo

et al. 2015

J Mater Sci: Mater Med

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“…sodium, and needed relatively high concentration, which decreased the strength of the anodic oxide film giving a Ca/P ratio in the film of up to 1.67. Zhu et al [149,150] explored new calcium glycerophosphate and calcium acetate electrolytes for the formation of Ca and P containing anodic oxide films on titanium implants. With calcium glycerophosphate and calcium acetate electrolytes, the titanium anodic oxide film is porous, highly crystalline, and rich in Ca and P. The optimal conditions recommended are that the concentrations of the calcium glycerophosphate and calcium acetate are 0.02 and 0.15 M, respectively, current density is 70 A m À2 and final voltage is about 350 V. The oxide film formed under these condition are without microcracks, 0.98 mm rough (Ra), 5-7 mm thick, adhesive to the underlying substrate, and have a near 1.67 Ca to P ratio.…”

Section: Anodic Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of titanium, titanium alloys, and related materials for biomedical applications

Liu

Chu

Ding

2004

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

3,077

1,477

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Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used in biomedical devices and components, especially as hard tissue replacements as well as in cardiac and cardiovascular applications, because of their desirable properties, such as relatively low modulus, good fatigue strength, formability, machinability, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. However, titanium and its alloys cannot meet all of the clinical requirements. Therefore, in order to improve the biological, chemical, and mechanical properties, surface modification is often performed. This article reviews the various surface modification technologies pertaining to titanium and titanium alloys including mechanical treatment, thermal spraying, sol-gel, chemical and electrochemical treatment, and ion implantation from the perspective of biomedical engineering. Recent work has shown that the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and biological properties of titanium and titanium alloys can be improved selectively using the appropriate surface treatment techniques while the desirable bulk attributes of the materials are retained. The proper surface treatment expands the use of titanium and titanium alloys in the biomedical fields. Some of the recent applications are also discussed in this paper. #

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“…Previous researches also indicated that MAO TiO 2 -based film containing Ca and P can be prepared by treating the Ti alloy in an electrolyte containing Ca and P, and the addition of Ca and P in the MAO film improved the bioactivity. 6,7) Some researchers reported that the applied voltage had important influences on the microstructure and Ca and P concentration of the MAO films, and higher voltage is beneficial to obtain higher content of Ca and P film. 8,9) But conventional anodic oxidation treatments have been accomplished using an electric power supply in direct-current mode (DC) at lower voltages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Applied Voltage on the Microstructure and Bioactivity of MAO Film on Ti Substrate

Liu

Wei

et al. 2013

Mater. Trans.

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Various MAO films were prepared on Ti6Al4V substrate at voltages from 300 to 550 V in an electrolyte containing 0.18 M calcium acetate and 0.1 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate using an AC mode. Microstructures and phases of the MAO films were investigated by SEM with EDS and XRD. Bioactivity was examined using an apatite formation test in a simulated body fluid. The results show that the applied voltage has a significant influence on the microstructure and composition. With the increase in the applied voltage the sizes of micropores increase, and Ca P contents and Ca/P ratio in the MAO film increase too. And the Ca P contents in this work are increased obviously compared to DC MAO mode. The MAO films contain rutile, anatase and amorphous calcium phosphate, and higher voltage is favorable to form rutile phase. The results of the apatite formation test show that the AC MAO films exhibit higher ability to form apatite than DC mode. It is suggested that the AC MAO mode is more effective to incorporate calcium and phosphorous in the oxide layer than DC mode because higher applied voltages can be applied in it, and the AC MAO film present a better performance in the formation of calcium phosphate which may be result from a more effective release of CaP from MAO film into SBF.

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Surface characteristics and structure of anodic oxide films containing Ca and P on a titanium implant material

Cited by 87 publications

References 22 publications

Osseointegration improvement by plasma electrolytic oxidation of modified titanium alloys surfaces

Osseointegration improvement by plasma electrolytic oxidation of modified titanium alloys surfaces

Surface modification of titanium, titanium alloys, and related materials for biomedical applications

Effect of Applied Voltage on the Microstructure and Bioactivity of MAO Film on Ti Substrate

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