Surface characteristics, corrosion resistance and MG63 osteoblast-like cells attachment behaviour of nano SiO₂–ZrO₂ coated 316L stainless steel

Abstract

2 (NZ) and SiO 2 -ZrO 2 (NSZ) mixed oxide coatings on to 316L stainless steel (SS) were developed by a simple sol-gel technique with varying Si : Zr ratios (100 : 0, 70 : 30, 50 : 50 and 0 : 100).Surface characteristics, corrosion resistance and the initial cell attachment behaviour of MG63 osteoblasts are studied. The formation of the NSZ mixed oxide was ensured from the shift in the Si-O-Si asym band to a lower wave number with increasing Zr content in attenuated total reflectance infra-red (ATR-IR) spectra. X-ray diffraction studies also further confirmed the formation of mixed oxides. The formation of a spherical particle with a nanometre scale was confirmed from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and the particle size reduced as the Zr content increased. The simulated body fluid (SBF) contact angle values of NS, NSZ-73 and NSZ-55 were reduced to about three and two times compared to NZ and uncoated 316L SS respectively. Potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed the lower corrosion current density (i corr ) values for all the coated 316L SS. In particular, NSZ coatings exhibited significant reduction in i corr values, further confirming that the addition of Zr to NS improved their corrosion resistance in a SBF solution. The initial attachment of MG 63 osteoblast-like cells on uncoated and coated 316L SS was studied using fluorescent microscopy by nuclei and actin protein staining. The results showed that the cell attachments were good for NS, NSZ-73 and NSZ-55 with the development of actin stress fibres with flattened cell morphology. However, the cell attachment was not significant for NZ. The variation in cell attachment behaviour is attributed to the surface characteristics and hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature of the coatings.

Dopamine-Assisted Modification of Polypropylene Film to Attain Hydrophilic Mineral-Rich Surfaces

“…One of the most important features which help to improve the cell adhesion with an implant is the surface wettability of the implant material [ 29 ]. With the aim to elucidate the role of individual compounds and their combinations on the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of samples, the modified PP films were evaluated before and after three and seven days of incubation in SBF via the sessile drop technique using a goniometer set-up, from which the WCAs were determined, and are presented graphically in Figure 5 .…”

Synthesis of TiO2 Nanotubes for Improving the Corrosion Resistance Performance of the Titanium Implants

“…The formation (8) and the dissolution (9) of TiO2 that happened continuously is the basis for the porous structure of the TiO2 nanotube layer. In the electrolyte solution, the presence of Ti 4+ led to the adsorption of the [TiF6] 2ions on the oxide surface, decreasing the surface energy, and increasing surface perturbation.…”

“…Onemicroliter distilled water droplets were used to define the wettability of the TiO2 nanotube surfaces by measuring the contact angle. Simulated body fluid (SBF) (SBF: 8.035 g NaCl; 0.355 g NaHCO3; 0.225 g KCl; 0.231 g K2HPO4.3H2O; 0.311 g MgCl2.6H2O; 0.292 g CaCl2; 0.072 g Na2SO4; 6.118 g ((HOCH2)3CNH2 and HCl with an appropriate amount for adjusting the pH ~ 7.4 [8]) was used as the biological electrolyte for the corrosion test. Potentiodynamic polarization tests were carried out by suspending the samples in SBF solution (pH ≈ 7) at room temperature (298K) at a scan rate of 2 mV.s -1 from −300 to 300 mV using a Zahner Zennium electrochemical workstation.…”

Functionalization of Crosslinked Sodium Alginate/Gelatin Wet-Spun Porous Fibers with Nisin Z for the Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Infections

“…Sodium phosphate dibasic (Na 2 HPO 4 , Sigma-Aldrich), monosodium phosphate monohydrate (NaH 2 PO 4 .H 2 O, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and sodium chloride (NaCl, Merck) were used in the preparation of phosphate buffer saline solution (PBS at 0.25 M: 30 g/L of Na 2 HPO 4 , 5.5 g/L of NaH 2 PO 4 .H 2 O and 212.5 g/L of NaCl). Simulated body fluid (SBF) was prepared following the recipe of Srinivasan et al, with all components being purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification [ 32 ]. Glutaraldehyde solution (grade II, 25% in water) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich and used as crosslinking agent.…”