Surface characterization of weathered and heat‐treated wood‐based composites reinforced by styrene maleic anhydride

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heat‐treated lignocellulosic filler on the surface characteristics and decay resistance of the wood flour/styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) composites. In this study, heat treatment was conducted at 212°C for 8 hours. Test specimens were prepared by injection molding at 220°C. Weathering tests were performed by cycles of UV‐light irradiation for 8 hours, water spray for 15 minutes, and then conditioning for 3.45 hours in an accelerated weathering test cycle chamber. Heat‐treated wood flour/SMA composites were evaluated for color changes, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to analyze chemical changes on the sample surfaces. The wood decay tests were performed of white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Pilat was based on mini‐block specimens on 48% malt extract agar in petri dishes. The study showed that color changes occurred when heat‐treated filler rate is increased in this material. Therefore, materials in 10% filler rate show lower color changes than other variation. As a result of the FTIR analysis, the addition of wood filler into the SMA causes changes in the chemical structure. In addition, the increase in wood filler reduced the resistance to weathering. Decay results showed that thermally modified wood has lower mass loss caused by fungal attack than untreated wood material. The weight loss decreases with the increase in wood flour rate expect 10%T and 10%UT in all composites.

Surface properties of poplar wood after heat treatment, resin impregnation, or both modifications

“…With the same heat treatment process (180 °C and 3 h), the a* of the IMPG+HT increased more than the a* of the HT samples, and its color was more reddish. This may be due to the resin and lignin crosslinking at this temperature, which changed the number of chromophoric groups, e.g., carbonyl groups in lignin (Zor et al 2019). When the temperature was higher than 180 °C, the product generated by the crosslinking of the resin and lignin was unstable and further degraded into small molecules at high temperatures, leading to an increase then decrease of the a* as the temperature increased (Raisanen et al 2003).…”

Bagasse fiber reinforced chemically functionalized polystyrene composites

“…Although this study selects a CF-PS as a matrix, that is a polystyrene functionalised with MA, however, it has been noted that styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) and foamed SMA (F-SMA) have been used as matrix for composites. SMA matrix composites have been processed by using the following particulate reinforcements: Natural 44 and heat treated [45][46][47][48] wood flour, natural [49][50][51] and heat treated [52][53][54] pine wood flour, potato starch, 55 alpha cellulose (AC), 55 ultra-fine cellulose (UFC) 55 and glycerine treated nanofibrillated cellulose (GNFC). 56 F-SMA matrix composites have been processed by using the following particulate reinforcements: Wood flour, [57][58][59][60] potato starch [58][59][60] and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), AC and nano fibrillated cellulose (NFC).…”

Performance analysis of four plant fiber/polyvinyl chloride composites under two degradation conditions with water or seawater with xenon lamp

“…Qi et al (2019) studied the influences of the acrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile (ASA) modification on the aging behavior of eucalyptus/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites with xenon lamp aging conditions, and the FTIR results manifested the physical and mechanical properties of the composites deteriorated. Zor et al (2019) investigated the effect of heat-treated lignocellulosic filler on the surface characteristics and decay resistance of the wood flour/styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) composites. Weathering tests were carried out by UV-light irradiation.…”