Surface-Confined Piezocatalysis Inspired by ROS Generation of Mitochondria Respiratory Chain for Ultrasound-Driven Noninvasive Elimination of Implant Infection

Abstract

Implant-associated infections (IAI) are great challenges to medical healthcare and human wellness, yet current clinical treatments are limited to the use of antibiotics and physical removal of infected tissue or the implant. Inspired by the protein/membrane complex structure and its generation of reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria respiration process of immune cells during bacteria invasion, we herein propose a metal/piezoelectric nanostructure embedded on the polymer implant surface to achieve efficient piezocatalysis for combating IAI. The piezoelectricity-enabled local electron discharge and the induced oxidative stress generated at the implant−bacteria interface can efficiently inhibit the activity of the attachedStaphylococcus aureusby cell membrane disruption and sugar energy exhaustion, possess high biocompatibility, and eliminate the subcutaneous infection by simply applying the ultrasound stimulation. For further demonstration, the treatment of root canal reinfection with simplified procedures has been achieved by using piezoelectric gutta-percha implanted in ex vivo human teeth. This surface-confined piezocatalysis antibacterial strategy, which takes advantage of the limited infection interspace, easiness of polymer processing, and noninvasiveness of sonodynamic therapy, has potential applications in IAI treatment.

Adaptive Nanoparticle-Mediated Modulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Inflammation to Enhance Infected Bone Defect Healing

“…Mitochondria can detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) generated by invading pathogens via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) . Subsequently, mitochondria-originated reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to pathogen elimination, − whereas excessive production of ROS leads to the hyperactivation of inflammatory signals and consequently impedes tissue repair. , Therefore, achieving a balance between eliminating pathogens and reducing inflammation through the preservation of mitochondrial homeostasis is a crucial point in the treatment of IBDs.…”