Surface deformation along the Carmel Fault System, Israel

Reinking, Joerg; Smit-Philipp, Hillrich; Even-Tzur, Gilad

doi:10.1016/j.jog.2011.03.004

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Our results reaffirm and refine earlier interpretations of the Carmel Fault from GPS [ Wdowinski et al , 2004; Le Beon et al , 2008] and InSAR analyses [ Nof et al , 2007] and further reduce the uncertainty and maximum slip rate constraint. Our results disagree with recent interpretations of 4.5 mm/yr of right‐lateral displacement by Reinking et al [2011] based on short occupation (typically less than 6 h), survey‐mode GPS data. However, we believe the CGPS results are more reliable than the survey‐mode results of Reinking et al [2011], owing to survey epochs of longer duration (typically 24‐h) and greater number (in this study, weekly observations spanning 6+ years).…”

Section: Modeling Of Gps Velocitiescontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Our results disagree with recent interpretations of 4.5 mm/yr of right‐lateral displacement by Reinking et al [2011] based on short occupation (typically less than 6 h), survey‐mode GPS data. However, we believe the CGPS results are more reliable than the survey‐mode results of Reinking et al [2011], owing to survey epochs of longer duration (typically 24‐h) and greater number (in this study, weekly observations spanning 6+ years). Hence, we interpret that the Carmel Fault slips at a rate less than 0.5 mm/yr, at most.…”

Section: Modeling Of Gps Velocitiescontrasting

confidence: 99%

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GPS measurements of near-field deformation along the southern Dead Sea Fault System

Tarazi

Rajab

Gomez

et al. 2011

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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[1] Analysis of short-term deformation along the southern part of Dead Sea Fault (DSF) provides a systematic view of kinematics this part of the continental transform. The southern DSF consists of two principal segments: the Wadi Araba and Jordan Valley faults. In addition to other regional continuous GPS data, this study uses new data from 25 survey sites and 4 continuous GPS stations in Jordan for improved near-field observations. Resulting velocities are reported with 1-s uncertainties ranging from 0.4-1.0 mm/yr. Application of elastic dislocation models yields estimates of slip rates for Wadi Araba and Jordan Valley faults are 4.9 ± 0.4 mm/yr and 4.7 ± 0.4 mm/yr, respectively. Modeling also suggests different depths of effective fault locking with 15 ± 5 km and 8 ± 5 km for the Wadi Araba and Jordan Valley faults, respectively. These slip rates are generally consistent with the upper end of the range of slip rates estimated from late Quaternary geology. Spatial variations in effective fault locking generally correspond with a heterogeneous mantle lithosphere. A similar observation can be observed along the southern San Andreas Fault, and this may reflect the influence of heterogeneity in the uppermost mantle on crustal faulting processes.

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Section: Modeling Of Gps Velocitiescontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Modeling Of Gps Velocitiescontrasting

confidence: 99%

GPS measurements of near-field deformation along the southern Dead Sea Fault System

Tarazi

Rajab

Gomez

et al. 2011

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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“…In addition, the M 5.3 earthquake that occurred in 1984 between the Carmel Fault and the Izra'el Valley [Hofstetter et al, 1996] (Figure 5) suggests that this region is currently active and may produce moderate earthquakes. While the results of previous geodetic studies were ambiguous [Agmon, 2001;Ostrovsky, 2005;Reinking et al, 2011] the results obtained in this study clearly indicate a left-lateral sense of slip accompanied by fault-normal extension. Thus, elastic strain is currently being accumulated, and the possibility of moderate-to-large earthquakes along the Carmel Fault cannot be ruled out.…”

Section: The Carmel Faultcontrasting

confidence: 75%

Crustal deformation along the Dead Sea Transform and the Carmel Fault inferred from 12 years of GPS measurements

Sadeh¹,

Hamiel²,

Ziv³

et al. 2012

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Large-scale crustal deformation in the Levant is mainly related to the DST and the CFS. The former is an active left lateral transform, bounding the Arabian plate and the Sinai sub-plate, and the latter branches out of the former and separates the Sinai sub-plate into two tectonic domains. In this study we obtain the velocities of 33 permanent GPS stations and 145 survey stations that were surveyed in three campaigns between 1996 and 2008. We use a simple 1-D elastic dislocation model to infer the slip rate and locking depth along various segments of the DST. We infer a 3.1-4.5 mm/yr slip rate and a 7.8-16.5 km locking depth along the DST north of the CFS, and a slip rate of 4.6-5.9 mm/yr and locking depth of 11.8-24 km along the Jericho Valley, south of the CFS. Further south, along the Arava Valley we obtain a slip rate of 4.7-5.4 mm/yr and a locking depth of 12.1-23 km. We identify an oblique motion along the Carmel Fault with $0.7 mm/yr left-lateral and $0.6 mm/yr extension rates, resulting in N-S extension across the Carmel Fault. This result, together with the decrease in DST slip velocity from the Jericho Valley to the segment north of the CFS, confirms previous suggestions, according to which part of the slip between Arabia and Sinai is being transferred from the DST to the CFS.

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“…Because w < F , the null hypothesis was accepted, verifying that the five datum points were stable. The same points were used also by Reinking et al [14] to define a stable coordinate system for the network, but unlike here a constraint for equal velocities of adjacent sites (CR12-KRML and CR13-MRKA) was used. Therefore, the constraint for equal velocities is not a condition to establish datum based on these points.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the solution of the height component is not quality enough qualitative [14] the deformation analysis was done on the horizontal plane. A transformation to a local horizon system (north, east and up) was done relative to KRTV, which is located in the center of the network (see Figure 1).…”

Section: Velocity Field Estimation 41 Strip the Datum Content From Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Velocity Field across the Carmel Fault Calculated by Extended Free Network Adjustment Constraints

Even-Tzur

Reinking

2013

Journal of Applied Geodesy

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The Carmel Fault is one of the major geological structures of northern Israel. It is the northwestern part of Carmel-Tirtza Fault System and a northwestern branch of the Dead Sea Fault. The Carmel Fault region is covered by a monitoring geodetic network consisting of 23 sites, which were measured four times between 1999 and 2010 by means of GPS. The site velocities can be estimated only if the datum of the network has not been changed between measurement epochs. The GPS vectors must be adjusted so that the datum will remain undisturbed throughout the measurement campaigns. Usually we assume that GPS vectors define the network datum components of orientation and scale. Fluctuations in the GPS orbits could affect the orientation and scale between monitoring campaigns and therefore, in this study, we assume that GPS vectors are not immune to changes in their datum content. An appropriate approach is taken to prevent the inclusion of these components in the adjustment of a 4D network. If not, the result will be an inevitable mixture between the deformation parameters and the datum components of the GPS vectors. In this study the GPS vectors from each campaign are stripped from their datum content using the extended free network adjustment constraints. The datumless measurements are used to define the datum by preliminary coordinates and linear constraints, which remain constant for all monitoring campaigns, as well as to define the position of the network points and their velocities. Later on, the variations across the network geometry can be modeled by means of a physical model.

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Surface deformation along the Carmel Fault System, Israel

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

GPS measurements of near-field deformation along the southern Dead Sea Fault System

GPS measurements of near-field deformation along the southern Dead Sea Fault System

Crustal deformation along the Dead Sea Transform and the Carmel Fault inferred from 12 years of GPS measurements

Velocity Field across the Carmel Fault Calculated by Extended Free Network Adjustment Constraints

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