Surface Drainage Systems Operating during Heavy Rainfall—A Comparative Analysis between Two Small Flysch Catchments Located in Different Physiographic Regions of the Western Carpathians (Poland)

Abstract

In this study, the river system and the surface drainage system (SDS) operating during heavy rainfall in two Carpathian catchments located in foothills and medium-high mountain areas were compared. The results revealed that regardless of the differences in the river systems and physiographical parameters of the catchments, the SDS operating during heavy rainfall becomes similar. This similarity is reflected in the density of the SDS (11.5–12.2 km·km−2) and the structure of the SDS, confirmed by Hortonian-type analysis. This similarity in the SDS was discussed in the context of the geomorphological transformation of the hillslopes and the hydrological response of a catchment to heavy rainfall.

Assessment of Peat Extraction Range and Vegetation Succession on the Baligówka Degraded Peat Bog (Central Europe) Using the ALS Data and Orthophotomap

“…They are distinguished from other linear artificial objects, such as roads or field fortifications [41], by their small width and visible connections with natural watercourses. However, the visibility of the drainage network in the model allows only a visual interpretation of its shape-in the course of ditches, there are shallows and gaps caused by model errors, which are necessary to eliminate before any hydrological modeling or analyses [42,43].…”

Estimating the distributions of inorganic nutrients and total suspended solids induced by soil erosion in an agricultural mountainous area using a revised SWAT+ model

“…Beskidy streams undergo periodic weathering, but the amount of material discharged and accumulated is not proportional to the flow (Starkel, 2011). Erosive rainwater is actively degrading soil because it washes away the soil's material as a result of its intensity (Kroczak et al, 2022;Meusburger 2012). According to Martínez-Mena et al, (2020), soils are also susceptible to erosion and surface runoff based on their granulometry, water absorption (water accumulation), permeability, and hydrogeology.…”