2020
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00202
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Surface Electromyography Normalization Affects the Interpretation of Muscle Activity and Coactivation in Children With Cerebral Palsy During Walking

Abstract: Investigating muscle activity and coactivation with surface electromyography (sEMG) gives insight into pathological muscle function during activities like walking in people with neuromuscular impairments, such as children with cerebral palsy (CP). There is large variation in the amount of coactivation reported during walking in children with CP, possibly due to the inconsistent handling of sEMG and in calculating the coactivation index. The aim of this study was to evaluate how different approaches of handling… Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…Larsen et al (2008) indicated the importance of the knee and ankle joints for requiring adequate strength and power and reported a decreased amount of antagonist co-activation in young females [14]. Especially during complex tasks such as walking, it is necessary to allow for changes in the agonist and antagonist roles around the knee and ankle during the gait cycle [15]. Kitatani et al (2016) investigated muscle co-activation around the ankle joint, as did several previous studies [16][17][18][19], but they did not include any EMG information for the knee [20], so our study focused on the knee joint.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Larsen et al (2008) indicated the importance of the knee and ankle joints for requiring adequate strength and power and reported a decreased amount of antagonist co-activation in young females [14]. Especially during complex tasks such as walking, it is necessary to allow for changes in the agonist and antagonist roles around the knee and ankle during the gait cycle [15]. Kitatani et al (2016) investigated muscle co-activation around the ankle joint, as did several previous studies [16][17][18][19], but they did not include any EMG information for the knee [20], so our study focused on the knee joint.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Stiffness of masseter muscles was measured with shear wave elastography using Aixplorer Ultimate device (SuperSonic Imagine, Aix-en-Provence, France) with a highfrequency linear probe SL 18-5 (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). All children were examined in a supine; they were instructed to lay down relaxed with their mouth closed in a comfortable position as well as to refrain from swallowing during the examination.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some attempts were reported on the use of myotonometry to evaluate muscle stiffness both in healthy people and children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy [14,15]. Surface electromyography, used for the measurement of muscle activity, can also help evaluate a muscle condition in children with cerebral palsy [16]. In addition, it was shown that in children with TMD, electromyography was able to detect the lower activity of the masseter muscle in comparison with children without abnormalities in this muscle [17].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…For each percentage of all sEMG signal channels and gait periods, the RMS of the sEMG signal was calculated with a 10-ms running window. For each sEMG signal channel, the highest RMS value (peak RMS) was obtained and used for normalization (Gagnat et al, 2020). The procedure of sEMG signal data processing is shown in Figure 2.…”
Section: Signal Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%