Surface Engineering of Lipid Vesicles Based on DNA Nanotechnology

Abstract

Lipid vesicle research is of great significance in the field of biomedicine and great progress has been made in recent years, in which the surface engineering on lipid membranes plays an important role. By introducing new active sites on membrane surface, the physicochemical properties of vesicles are regulated and the biological functions are extended. DNA nanotechnology is an excellent tool for surface engineering of vesicles and has attracted more and more attention. In this Review, the interaction between DNA and lipid membrane is presented. Subsequently, recent advances in the applications of vesicle‐surface‐engineering based on DNA nanotechnology are highlighted. DNA nanostructures are used to mimic membrane proteins in the system of artificial liposome vesicles. Surface‐engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) based on DNA nanotechnology are applied to achieve non‐invasive early screening of diseases with high sensitivity and precision. Finally, challenges and prospects for future development in this field are discussed.

Applications and Future Trends of Extracellular Vesicles in Biomaterials Science and Engineering

“…They proposed that the cell surface, with its complex array of surface molecules, could be harnessed for DNA computing, allowing for the design of intricate logic gates beyond traditional approaches [28,29]. This concept involves using DNA aptamers to target biomarkers present on exosomes, triggering subsequent output signals through Boolean computation [30].…”

“…The nano-bio-computing LNTs demonstrated sophisticated performance in capturing vesicle interactions, allowing for high-resolution spatiotemporal imaging and computational analysis [35]. Furthermore, Hao et al provided a comprehensive review of promising studies utilizing DNA technology to amplify signals upon binding to tumor-derived exosomes, highlighting its potential for various applications [30].…”

Sensing and manipulating single lipid vesicles using dynamic DNA nanotechnology

“…The sensing and engineering of EVs and cellular membranes using DNA nanotechnology have been recently reviewed. [25][26][27][28] In this review, we systematically summarize the design principles and strategies for sensing and manipulating synthetic lipid vesicles based on where the dynamic DNA reaction occurs, including those inside lipid vesicles, on the surfaces of lipid vesicles, as well as those mediating the fusion of lipid vesicles. An overview of the design strategies will inspire new ideas and new technologies for better engineering and applications of lipid vesicles for biosensing and clinical diagnostics.…”

DNA Origami Vesicle Sensors with Triggered Cargo Transfer

“…Sensors based on DNA origami can offer a subtle understanding of how lipid vesicles behave, with the potential to probe, detect, and even manipulate their activities. [22][23][24][25][26][27] Bridging the innovative capabilities of DNA origami to the intricate world of lipid vesicles can provide deeper insights into vesicular behaviors and potentially unlock new therapeutic opportunities. [28][29][30][31] DNA origami has uses beyond just detection.…”