Surface Functionalization of Poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) Membranes with RGD-Grafted Poly(2-oxazoline) for Periodontal Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Bone tissue defects resulting from periodontal disease are often treated using guided tissue regeneration (GTR). The barrier membranes utilized here should prevent soft tissue infiltration into the bony defect and simultaneously support bone regeneration. In this study, we designed a degradable poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) membrane that was surface-modified with cell adhesive arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motifs. For a novel method of membrane manufacture, the RGD motifs were coupled with the non-ionic amphiphilic polymer poly(2-oxazoline) (POx). The RGD-containing membranes were then prepared by solvent casting of PLGA, POx coupled with RGD (POx_RGD), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) solution in methylene chloride (DCM), followed by DCM evaporation and PEG leaching. Successful coupling of RGD to POx was confirmed spectroscopically by Raman, Fourier transform infrared in attenuated reflection mode (FTIR-ATR), and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy, while successful immobilization of POx_RGD on the membrane surface was confirmed by XPS and FTIR-ATR. The resulting membranes had an asymmetric microstructure, as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where the glass-cured surface was more porous and had a higher surface area then the air-cured surface. The higher porosity should support bone tissue regeneration, while the air-cured side is more suited to preventing soft tissue infiltration. The behavior of osteoblast-like cells on PLGA membranes modified with POx_RGD was compared to cell behavior on PLGA foil, non-modified PLGA membranes, or PLGA membranes modified only with POx. For this, MG-63 cells were cultured for 4, 24, and 96 h on the membranes and analyzed by metabolic activity tests, live/dead staining, and fluorescent staining of actin fibers. The results showed bone cell adhesion, proliferation, and viability to be the highest on membranes modified with POx_RGD, making them possible candidates for GTR applications in periodontology and in bone tissue engineering.

Polyoxazoline‐Based Nanovaccine Synergizes with Tumor‐Associated Macrophage Targeting and Anti‐PD‐1 Immunotherapy against Solid Tumors

“…[ 33 ] These results suggest that the mannose moieties decorating the surface of the PLGA‐POx‐Man NP presented a favorable interaction with the mannose receptors when compared to those available at the surface of the PLGA‐PEG‐Man NP. This may be due to a decrease in the interfacial tension between the PLGA‐based NP surface and the surrounding aqueous environment, caused by the POx coating, as previously shown by Tryba et al., [ 33 ] allowing for active targeting and a more extensive internalization by APC.…”

A Biomimetic Smart Nanoplatform as “Inflammation Scavenger” for Regenerative Therapy of Periodontal Tissue

“… 41 Moreover, the peak at 1647 cm −1 was intensified, which may be due to the superimposed vibration of H 2 O and an amide I band that is mainly associated with the C=O stretching vibration. 42 , 43 Although the spectra of ASA@tHALLG showed no obvious difference from that of tHALLG, these results suggested that the GCP assembly was successfully covalently bonded on the surface of tHA, which was further confirmed by XPS investigation. As shown in Figure 2C , apart from major atomic elements carbon, oxygen, calcium, and phosphorus, a weak nitrogen peak at 399 eV was recorded in the tHA nanocomposite, suggesting the presence of pDA.…”

Advanced Hollow Cathode Discharge Plasma Treatment of Unique Bilayered Fibrous Nerve Guidance Conduits for Enhanced/Oriented Neurite Outgrowth

“…Table contains the quantitative data of the C 1s fit, and Figure depicts the actual C 1s curve fittings. Based on the literature and the molecular structure of PCL/PLGA, the copolymer’s C 1s envelope can be fitted into 3 different peaks: a peak at 285 eV corresponding to carbon and hydrocarbon bonds (C–H/C–C), a peak at 286.5 eV accredited to hydroxyl groups (C–O) and a peak at 289.1 eV ascribed to carboxyl groups (O–CO). ,− A good C 1s curve fit of the untreated sample using these 3 peaks could be indeed performed. The relative concentrations of these peaks on the inner and outer walls primarily featured the chemical structure of PCL with a small increase in the C–O and O–CO bond concentrations due to the presence of PLGA as the smallest portion of the blended electrospinning solution used for the nanofibers biofabrication.…”