Surface hydride on titanium by cathodic polarization promotes human gingival fibroblast growth

Abstract

Connective tissue seal to dental abutment is crucial for peri-implant health. Several efforts have been made previously to optimize abutment surfaces, but no consensus has been reached regarding the optimal surface architecture and/or composition for soft tissue seal. Here, we report on experiments using cathodic polarization in organic acids to optimize titanium (Ti) surfaces for use as abutments. The three main factors affecting surface topography and chemistry were electrolyte composition, current density, and polarization time. Under identical conditions, oxalic acid created rougher surfaces than tartaric acid and acetic acid, and acetic acid produced more surface hydride. Surface hydride amount was suggested to first increase and then decrease with current density from 1 mA/cm(2) to 15 mA/cm(2) . The complexity of the surface topography and hydride production both increased with polarization time. Proliferation rate of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was positively correlated with surface hydride content, suggesting the positive effect of surface hydride on connective tissue growth around dental abutment. Changes in surface topography and hydrophilicity did not significantly influence HGF growth.

The influence of surface nanoroughness, texture and chemistry of TiZr implant abutment on oral biofilm accumulation

“…; Xing et al. ). P and M coins were cleaned in a succession of ultrasonic baths with NaOH (40 wt%), HNO 3 (50 wt%) and Milli‐Q water (18.2 MΩ cm; Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) (Lamolle et al.…”

“…; Xing et al. ). Based on the three control groups (P, M and ME S ), five more groups were produced.…”

“…; Xing et al. ). The system consisted of a power supply (MightySlim SX250, Hoefer, Holliston, MA, USA), a platinum anode, a titanium cathode, a beaker containing 500 ml of 1 M tartaric acid (pH 1.28) and a magnetic stirrer (RET control‐visc, IKA WERKE, Staufen, Germany).…”

“…; Xing et al. ). Briefly, the surface was bombarded by a primary ion beam (Cs+) with impact energy of 15 keV and emitted secondary ions which were collected from the central part (67 × 67 μm) of a crater (150 × 150 μm).…”

“…To promote soft tissue integration on the dental abutment, we have previously employed an electrolytic method of cathodic polarization to improve fibroblast growth by implementing hydrogen onto the abutment surface (Xing et al. ). As the peri‐implant health is determined by the combined result of soft tissue and microbial attachment, it is also important to further evaluate the effect of surface hydrogen content on microbial adhesion.…”