Surface hydrophilic modification of RO membranes by plasma polymerization for low organic fouling

Effect of PE-g-MA compatibilizer on the structure and performance of HDPE/EVA blend membranes fabricated via TIPS method

“…membranes, which can be mainly classified into surface modification, nanoparticle incorporation and blending modification (Fang et al, 2009;Li et al, 2010;Nady et al, 2011). Surface modification is usually achieved by coating or grafting a functional layer on the prepared membrane surface, in which most of the modified sites occurred on the top and/or bottom surface of the membrane, excluding the pores inside the membrane, due to the limited diffusion ability of the modifying agents into the membrane pores (Zou et al, 2011). It is an effective method; however, treatment is limited to a very thin layer of the surface which can be easily scratched during the operation or even assembling.…”

“…Uniform dispersion and distribution of nanoparticles is a tedious job, although it shows a promising approach to modify the PE to be used in membrane fabrication . Blending modification is usually used to achieve the desired functional properties along with the membrane preparation, therefore the preparation and modification processes can be accomplished in a single step and the membrane preparation process would remain unchanged (Rajabzadeh et al, 2009;Nady et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2011;Zou et al, 2011). Hydrophilic polymers, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) (Kim and Lee, 1998), sulfonated polycarbonate (SPC) (Masuelli et al, 2009), copolymer poly (ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) (Fu et al, 2006) and perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) (Lang et al, 2007) were used as hydrophilic additive in membrane fabrication.…”

A comprehensive review on surface modified polymer membranes for biofouling mitigation

“…Zou et al [93] grafted a poly(ethylene glycol-like hydrophilic polymer (trimethylene glycol dimethyl ether) onto polyamide RO membrane by plasma polymerization to reduce organic fouling. After modification, the surface contact angle was reduced from 32°to 7°indi-cating enhanced hydrophilicity of the modified membrane.…”

“…⁎⁎⁎ Antibacterial activity is a ratio of the numbers of bacterial colonies which were grown on the initial and modified membranes at the identical conditions. longer plasma treatment time reduced the initial water flux by plugging the pores of the membrane layers, while at the shorter plasma treatment time the deposited polymer layer was too thin to be stable and may have been lost during the filtration [93].…”

Improving the fouling resistance of brackish water membranes via surface modification with graphene oxide functionalized chitosan

“…The oscillation amplitude was 10 nm with scan rate of 0.5 Hz for 3D 2 μm × 2 μm images. The scanner maximum range was 100 μm and calibrated by 1.5 μm standard grids, which have a height of 22 nm [45].…”