Surface modes in plasmonic crystals induced by diffractive coupling of nanoantennas

Vecchi, G.; Giannini, Vincenzo; Rivas, Jaime Gómez

doi:10.1103/physrevb.80.201401

Cited by 228 publications

(209 citation statements)

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“…Recent advances in the control of the angular emission from quantum dots are also based on diffractive coupling of antenna elements. 19 Two-dimensional arrays of nanoantennas can be produced with good fabrication control by techniques such as electronbeam lithography, [8][9][10][11]20 contact printing, 12 and colloidal chemistry. 21 These samples are most commonly manufactured on a substrate of high refractive index compared to the upper medium ͑typically air or water for biosensing applications͒.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] The subject has recently received renewed attention 4,5 with the prediction 6,7 and experimental observation [8][9][10][11][12] of interesting optical phenomena that result from the interaction between the geometrical resonance associated with light diffraction and the excitation of localized surface-plasmon resonances in metallic nanoparticles, which play the role of plasmonic nanoantennas. 13 In addition to the interesting physics revealed in such systems, a number of applications have been proposed, including nanoscale energy transport, 14,15 sensing, 16,17 and modifying spontaneous emission, 18 which rely on the improved quality factor resulting from the reduction in radiative damping of the array as compared to localized plasmons excited in isolated particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diffractive arrays of gold nanoparticles near an interface: Critical role of the substrate

et al. 2010

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The optical properties of periodic arrays of plasmonic nanoantennas are strongly affected by coherent multiple scattering in the plane of the array, which leads to sharp spectral resonances in both transmission and reflection when the wavelength is commensurate with the period. We demonstrate that the presence of a substrate ͑i.e., an asymmetric refractive-index environment͒ can inhibit long-range coupling between the particles and suppress lattice resonances, in agreement with recent experimental results. We find the substrate-tosuperstrate index contrast, and the distance between the array and the interface to be critical parameters determining the strength of diffractive coupling. Our rigorous electromagnetic simulations are well reproduced by a simple analytical model. These findings are important in the design of periodic structures and in the assessment of their optical resonances for potential use in sensing and other photonic technologies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffractive arrays of gold nanoparticles near an interface: Critical role of the substrate

et al. 2010

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“…By lifting metal nanostructures above substrates with dielectric pillars, the index sensitivity of the resultant LSPR sensors can be increased because a large fraction of the spatial region with enhanced electric fields is exposed to the environment and accessible by molecular species 10,11 . More efforts have been made to reduce the FWHM values of LSPRs and therefore increase the FOM values [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] . An effective approach for reducing the FWHM values is to couple a LSPR with a different resonance mode that possesses a smaller FWHM.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The coupling of a plasmonic nanocube with a dielectric substrate 16 can be optimized to give a FOM of 12-20. Another scheme for decreasing plasmonic FWHM values is to pattern metal nanoparticles into one-or two-dimensional arrays [17][18][19][20][21] . The diffractive coupling among periodically arranged metal nanoparticles has been shown to give lattice plasmon resonances with FWHM values below 10 nm (refs 19-21).…”

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confidence: 99%

Plasmonic gold mushroom arrays with refractive index sensing figures of merit approaching the theoretical limit

et al. 2013

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Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based sensing has found wide applications in medical diagnosis, food safety regulation and environmental monitoring. Compared with commercial propagating surface plasmon resonance (PSPR)-based sensors, LSPR ones are simple, cost-effective and suitable for measuring local refractive index changes. However, the figure of merit (FOM) values of LSPR sensors are generally 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than those of PSPR ones, preventing the widespread use of LSPR sensors. Here we describe an array of submicrometer gold mushrooms with a FOM reaching B108, which is comparable to the theoretically predicted upper limit for standard PSPR sensors. Such a high FOM arises from the interference between Wood's anomaly and the LSPRs. We further demonstrate the array as a biosensor for detecting cytochrome c and alpha-fetoprotein, with their detection limits down to 200 pM and 15 ng ml À 1 , respectively, suggesting that the array is a promising candidate for label-free biomedical sensing.

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“…Notably, our eigenmode analysis also reveals that both nanowire arrays and slit arrays support an additional class of plasmonic modes [located λ D ≈ 744 nm; see corresponding dashed lines in Figs. 1(a) and 1(b)], whose modal symmetry prevents them to be excited by normally incident radiation [27,28]. Figure 1 also illustrates the spectral response at non-normal incidence (for clarity, only the reflection spectra are displayed).…”

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confidence: 99%

Theory of lasing action in plasmonic crystals

et al. 2015

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We theoretically investigate lasing action in plasmonic crystals incorporating optically pumped four-level gain media. By using detailed simulations based on a time-domain generalization of the finite-element method, we show that the excitation of dark plasmonic resonances (via the gain medium) enables accessing the optimal lasing characteristics of the considered class of systems. Moreover, our study reveals that, in general, arrays of nanowires feature lower lasing thresholds and larger slope efficiencies than those corresponding to periodic arrays of subwavelength apertures. These findings are of relevance for further engineering of active devices based on plasmonic crystals. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.041118 PACS number(s): 78.67. Pt, 73.20.Mf, 78.45.+h Coherent light generation at the nanoscale is one of the critical stepping stones for the ultimate control of the light fields. In this context, plasmonic structures have recently emerged as versatile platforms for achieving lasing action at length scales well below the diffraction limit [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Very recently, it has been demonstrated that plasmon-assisted lasing action is not restricted to single nanocavity systems, but can be also observed in structures supporting extended plasmonic resonances, such as periodic arrays of metallic nanoparticles [17] and periodic arrays of subwavelength apertures milled in a metallic film [18]. These works reported independently on the unique ability of the corresponding metallic periodic structure (plasmonic crystal) to collect all the lasing light produced at the nanoscale and emit it to the far field in the form of a collimated beam. Although in a closely related context a detailed study of the spatiotemporal dynamics of lasing in gain-enhanced plasmonic nano-fishnet structures has been reported [19], a general study that explores the lasing properties of plasmonic crystals from a unified perspective is-to our knowledge-still lacking. In this work we address this issue and present a fundamental theoretical analysis of the dynamics and steady-state characteristics of lasing action in plasmonic crystals consisting of periodic arrays of metallic nanowires and subwavelength apertures embedded in an optically pumped four-level gain medium.The insets of Figs. 1(a) and 1(b) render schematic views of the two model systems under study. For simplicity, we consider plasmonic crystals displaying one-dimensional periodicity along the x direction and continuous translational symmetry along the z direction (see the axes definition in the insets of Fig. 1). These structures support surface electromagnetic modes that resemble those decorating their two-dimensionally periodic counterparts [20] (this is particularly the case for thin-film plasmonic crystals, as the ones studied below). Therefore, the considered model systems are able to capture the fundamental physical phenomena governing the interaction of those surface modes with a four-level gain medium.The first analyzed configuration [in...

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Surface modes in plasmonic crystals induced by diffractive coupling of nanoantennas

Cited by 228 publications

References 22 publications

Diffractive arrays of gold nanoparticles near an interface: Critical role of the substrate

Diffractive arrays of gold nanoparticles near an interface: Critical role of the substrate

Plasmonic gold mushroom arrays with refractive index sensing figures of merit approaching the theoretical limit

Theory of lasing action in plasmonic crystals

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