Surface modification of ammonium polyphosphate with vinyltrimethoxysilane: Preparation, characterization, and its flame retardancy in polypropylene

Qin, Zhaolu; Li, Dinghua; Zhang, Wenchao; Yang, Rongjie

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.05.012

Cited by 65 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The first stage (250‐450°C) can be attributed to the release of ammonia and water during the formation of polyphosphoric acid. The second stage (450‐700°C) results from the further condensation of polyphosphoric acid . From Figure , it can be seen that C‐DDGS and C‐APP have the similar mass loss processes with DDGS and APP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

The intumescent flame‐retardant biocomposites of poly(lactic acid) containing surface‐coated ammonium polyphosphate and distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS)

Shi

Zhang

et al. 2017

Fire and Materials

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Summary This work aims to develop the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites with high flame‐retardant performance, which can be applied in electronic and electrical devices as well as automotive parts. First, an intumescent flame retardant composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as the acid source and the blowing agent, and the distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) as the natural charring agent was designed. The surfaces of DDGS and APP were coated by degradable polymeric flame‐retardant resorcinol di(phenyl phosphate) (RDP), and the coating effects were analyzed. And then the flame‐retardant biocomposites of PLA with RDP‐coated DDGS (C‐DDGS) and RDP‐coated APP (C‐APP) were prepared. The limited oxygen index value of the biocomposites with loading of 15 wt% C‐DDGS and 15 wt% C‐APP reached 32.0%, and UL‐94 V‐0 was attained. The biocomposites also had good mechanical properties and the tensile strength of this sample reached about 57 MPa. Finally, the char residues after burning were analyzed and the flame‐retardant mechanism was discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

The intumescent flame‐retardant biocomposites of poly(lactic acid) containing surface‐coated ammonium polyphosphate and distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS)

Shi

Zhang

et al. 2017

Fire and Materials

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“…It is reported that the decomposition of urethane link in RPUF starts at 170°C to 200°C and decomposes into isocyanates and polyols . As the temperature increases, the evolved gas products of MAPP exhibited characteristic peaks of PO·free radical (1252‐900 cm −1 ), NH 3 (964 cm −1 , 930 cm −1 ), and H 2 O (3500 cm −1 ) from 300°C to 500°C . Moreover, the peaks at 3000 to 2800 cm −1 were observed, which were corresponding to the C–H stretching vibration of MAPP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Bi‐phase flame‐retardant effect of dimethyl methylphosphonate and modified ammonium polyphosphate on rigid polyurethane foam

Chen

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) with dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and modified ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) were prepared. The results showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was improved by adding DMMP into RPUF/MAPP composite; 10 wt% of DMMP addition can increase the LOI value from 24.3% to 26.0%, where the commercial application standard of RPUF is achieved. Further benefits of using DMMP/MAPP system included restraining of total heat and smoke release, improvement of thermal stability, and char yield of RPUF. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometer (GC‐MS) results indicated that DMMP/MAPP could continuously release PO2 and PO·free radicals in the gas phase. In addition, DMMP/MAPP exhibited the charring effect and barrier effect in the condensed phase, such bi‐flame retardant effect exerted by DMMP/MAPP resulted in the enhanced flame retardant property of RPUF.

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“…Also, the characteristic peaks present at 3055, 1607 1456, 1530, and 1401 cm −1 indicated the formation of aromatic compounds. With further heating, the characteristic peaks of NH 3 emerged at 962 and 927 cm −1 ; this was due to the decomposition of the piperazine ring . The characteristic peaks of CO 2 (2340–2370 cm −1 ), P=O (1281 cm −1 ), and vapor water were intense when the temperature was increased up to 600–700 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Compared with a traditional IFR system, with the incorporation of 22 wt % PA‐APP, intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene (IFR‐PP) passed the UL‐94 V‐0 rating with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 31.2% . After that, a series of the modified APPs with phosphazene, triazine derivatives, melamine and p ‐aminobenzene sulfonic acid, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and allylamine have been unveiled and successfully applied to FR epoxy (EP), polyamide 11 (PA11), and polypropylene (PP) systems. In addition, another attempt combined an acid source, a charring agent, and a blowing agent in one compound via chemical reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire retardance and smoke suppression of polypropylene with a macromolecular intumescent flame retardant containing caged bicyclic phosphate and piperazine

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A macromolecular intumescent flame retardant (FR) named PPPAP was designed and synthesized with phosphorus chloride (the acid source), 2,6,7‐trioxa‐l‐phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]‐octane‐4‐methanol (the charring agent), and anhydrous piperazine (the blowing agent). Then, it was used to prepare an intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene (FR‐PP). The thermal stability, flame retardancy, and fire performance of the FR‐PPs were investigated. The results show that the initial decomposition temperature and char residue at 700 °C of PPPAP were 260.8 °C and 31.8%, respectively. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of polypropylene (PP) was enhanced with increasing PPPAP content. With the addition of 40 wt % PPPAP, the LOI value of FR‐PP was 29%, and it passed the vertical burning UL‐94 V‐0 rating. The cone calorimetry results indicate that not only the peak heat‐release rate but also the total smoke production of PP significantly decreased to 65.7 and 79.5%, respectively, with the incorporation of only 20 wt % PPPAP. The FR mechanism suggested that PPPAP played a part in both the gas and condensed phases, and the formation of the intumescent char layer during combustion was the dominant FR mechanism. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47593.

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Surface modification of ammonium polyphosphate with vinyltrimethoxysilane: Preparation, characterization, and its flame retardancy in polypropylene

Cited by 65 publications

References 28 publications

The intumescent flame‐retardant biocomposites of poly(lactic acid) containing surface‐coated ammonium polyphosphate and distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS)

The intumescent flame‐retardant biocomposites of poly(lactic acid) containing surface‐coated ammonium polyphosphate and distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS)

Bi‐phase flame‐retardant effect of dimethyl methylphosphonate and modified ammonium polyphosphate on rigid polyurethane foam

Fire retardance and smoke suppression of polypropylene with a macromolecular intumescent flame retardant containing caged bicyclic phosphate and piperazine

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