The intumescent flame‐retardant biocomposites of poly(lactic acid) containing surface‐coated ammonium polyphosphate and distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS)

Abstract

Summary This work aims to develop the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites with high flame‐retardant performance, which can be applied in electronic and electrical devices as well as automotive parts. First, an intumescent flame retardant composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as the acid source and the blowing agent, and the distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) as the natural charring agent was designed. The surfaces of DDGS and APP were coated by degradable polymeric flame‐retardant resorcinol di(phenyl phosphate) (RDP), and the coating effects were analyzed. And then the flame‐retardant biocomposites of PLA with RDP‐coated DDGS (C‐DDGS) and RDP‐coated APP (C‐APP) were prepared. The limited oxygen index value of the biocomposites with loading of 15 wt% C‐DDGS and 15 wt% C‐APP reached 32.0%, and UL‐94 V‐0 was attained. The biocomposites also had good mechanical properties and the tensile strength of this sample reached about 57 MPa. Finally, the char residues after burning were analyzed and the flame‐retardant mechanism was discussed.

Effect of a Novel Flame Retardant on the Mechanical, Thermal and Combustion Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)

“…In recent years, several approaches have been applied to improve the flame retardant properties of PLA [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Non-halogen flame retardants such as phosphorus-containing silsesquioxane [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], intumescent flame retardants [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ] and nitrogen phosphorus flame retardants [ 21 , 22 , 23 ] were employed to overcome this drawback. For example, Chen et al [ 24 ] evaluated the efficiency of a novel flame retardant heax-( N , N ’, N ’’-tris-(2-amino-ethyl)-(1,3,5)triazine-2,4,6-triamine)cyclotriphosphazene (HTTCP) for PLA.…”

Development of Bioepoxy Resin Microencapsulated Ammonium-Polyphosphate for Flame Retardancy of Polylactic Acid

“…Shi et al produced flame retardant PLA composites with resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP)-coated APP (C-APP), and RDP-coated distiller’s dried grains with solubles (C-DDGS) were also prepared and required 15 wt% C-DDGS and 15 wt% C-APP for the biocomposites to pass the UL-94 V-0 rating and reach the LOI value of 32.0% [42].…”

A biobased Schiff base from protocatechualdehyde and its application in flame-retardant, low-smoke epoxy resin systems

“…Besides, most of the carbonization agents (i.e., pentaerythritol) used in IFRs are produced from the petroleumbased resource. 27 In order to meet the urgent needs for alleviating the shortage of fossil resources and achieving the sustainable development, the preparation of bio-based Schiff base carbonization agents for IFRs is a potential and sustainable solution. 28 Protocatechualdehyde is a plant-derived phenolic aldehyde compound containing two phenolic hydroxyl groups and an aldehyde group, which has been widely used in medicine because of its biological activities.…”