Surface Modification of Esophageal Stent Materials by a Drug-Eluting Layer for Better Anti-Restenosis Function

Abstract

Abstract:It is generally accepted that stent implantation is the mainstream therapy in clinics for esophageal cancer in the later period. However, the restenosis caused by tumor cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts seriously interferes with the stent medical application and limits its long-term services. To address this conundrum, a series of drug-eluting stents were invented and verified to be feasible in the early stage after implantation, but the limited drug loading and good cell compatibility of the stent materials may lead to more serious restenosis and further endanger the patient's life. In previous work, we modified the esophageal stent material 317L stainless steel (317L SS) surface with a poly-dopamine/poly-ethylenimine layer (PDA/PEI), which had strong anti-tumor functions. In this contribution, we employed a usual drug in clinic, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), with series of density onto the PDA/PEI modified 317L SS to investigate the influence of 5-Fu immobilization on the anti-restenosis function. The surface characterization including 5-Fu quantity, atomic force microscopy (AFM). Water contact angle measurement indicated successful preparation of the PDA/PEI/5-Fu layers. The spectrophotometric characterization revealed that the immobilized 5-Fu rapidly released over 24 h. However, the Eca109, Het-1A, and L929 cells culture results suggested that the released 5-Fu made a significant contribution to improving the apoptosis and necrosis of these pathological cells, and the PDA/PEI/5-Fu layers maintain the consistent anti-restenosis function on their surfaces with the PDA/PEI layer after 24 h. All the results demonstrated the PDA/PEI/5-Fu layers' excellent ability to suppress esophageal tumor cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts, suggesting a potential application on the surface modification of esophageal stents for better anti-restenosis function.

Biological behavior exploration of a paclitaxel-eluting poly-l-lactide-coated Mg–Zn–Y–Nd alloy intestinal stent in vivo

“…46 Previous studies have shown that stent implantation can cause the formation of endothelialization in the surrounding tissue. [47][48][49] Although the time of stent implantation in intestinal tract is short, there may not be obvious tissue proliferation around the stent. However, the number of epithelial cells and broblasts in intestinal mucosa tissue is increased in the process of intestinal endothelialization.…”

“…However, the number of epithelial cells and broblasts in intestinal mucosa tissue is increased in the process of intestinal endothelialization. 49 While the antibody used in immunohistochemistry can be detected by the detection of cell proliferation and expression of related factors were used to indirectly explore the compatibility of stent on intestinal tissue. In this study, histopathological examination showed that the MAO/PLLA/paclitaxel/Mg-Zn-Y-Nd and PLLA/Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy scaffolds did not induce systemic inammation (p > 0.05), while immunohistochemical results showed that degradation products of the MAO/PLLA/ paclitaxel/Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy scaffolds signicantly inhibited proliferation of intestinal cells.…”

The mechanism of PDA/PEI/5‐Fu coated esophageal stent material on inhibiting cancer associated pathological cells

“…In the previous work, we developed a novel 5‐Fu loaded PDA/PEI (PDA/PEI/5‐Fu) coating on the 317L SS surface which was proved to simultaneously inhibit the esophageal tumor cells, epithelial cells and fibroblast adhesion to the surface (Bai et al, ). Nevertheless, the PDA/PEI/5‐Fu coating's effect on pathological cells migration, macrophages adhesion and its mechanism is still unclear.…”

“…In the previous work, we developed a drug loaded coating based on successively assembling poly‐dopamine (PDA) film, poly‐ethyleneimine (PEI) layer and 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐Fu, an effective anti‐cancer drug widely applied in clinics by oral, topical and injection) drug on the clinical esophageal stent material 317L stainless steel (317L SS), and this PDA/PEI/5‐Fu coating had strong functions on promoting the pathological cells (esophageal tumor cells, esophageal epithelial cells and fibroblasts) apoptosis both on the material surface and in the spatial microenvironment (Bai et al, ; Zhang et al, ). Nevertheless, the mechanism and pathway of the functional composite coating inhibiting esophageal cancer‐related pathological cells are not clear.…”

The Effect of Bias on Properties of DLC Coatings for Artificial Joints

“…The biological behaviour was evaluated by fluorescent staining. Esophageal tumor cells (Eca 109) were directly seeded on the surfaces of DLC coatings at a density of 4.0 × 10 3 cells / mL and cultured in standard condition for 1 day [23][24]. Fluorescent images of cell morphology were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy.…”