Surface Modification of Polyhydroxyalkanoates toward Enhancing Cell Compatibility and Antibacterial Activity

Abstract

Biomaterials for in vivo application should induce positive interaction with various histocytes and inhibit bacteria inflection as well. Cells and/or bacteria response to the extracellular environment is therefore the basic principle to design the biomaterials surface in order to induce the specific biomaterial–biological interaction. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHAs) are of growing interests because of their natural origin, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and thermoplasticity; however, quite inert and intrinsic hydrophobic characteristics have hindered their extensive usage in medical applications. Surface modification of PHAs tailors the chemistry, wettability, and topography without altering the bulk properties, and introduces specific proteins/peptides and/or antibacterial agents to mediate cell–matrix interactions. This review describes the recent developments on the surface modification of PHAs to construct cell compatible and antibacterial surfaces.

Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate): Enhancement Strategies for Advanced Applications

“…Despite the good biocompatibility properties of PHBV, the hydrophobic nature of its surface makes it very unlikely for cell adhesion and proliferation. To overcome these limitations, the surface of this biomaterial must be modified to promote cell adhesion and proliferation [141]. Therefore, there are several techniques that are capable to cause changes in the chemical or biological properties and physical appearance of the PHBV surface.…”

“…Chemical treatments can break ester bonds to produce functional groups, thus altering the surface, the chemical state, and the morphology, among other aspects of PHBV. Films of PHBV treated with KOH showed a decrease in contact angle values with water and had an adsorption of albumin, collagen, and fibronectin almost 100 times higher than the unmodified PHBV films [141]. Short chemical treatments with ethylenediamine decreased the hydrophobicity of PHBV without causing significant alterations in its mechanical properties [149].…”

“…Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a very economical, rapid, easy and reproducible alternative method that has a significant effect at the superficial level without causing alterations in the internal structure of the polymer [153]. Thus, PHBV films blended with vinylpyrrolidone and irradiated with UV radiation using a photosensitiser (benzophenone) significantly improved hydrophilicity [141]. Acrylamine monomers have also been grafted on the surface of PHBV scaffolds via UV radiation to achieve more hydrophilicity and exhibit greater cell adhesion and proliferation than on the pure PHBV scaffolds [154,155].…”

Two-dimensional nanomaterials beyond graphene for antibacterial applications: current progress and future perspectives

“…According to research findings, the antibacterial capacity of exfoliated 1T-MoS 2 nanosheets is higher than the annealed exfoliated 2H-MoS 2 nanosheets, which is attributed to the higher electron conductivity in 1T-MoS 2 nanosheets 75. Finally, the surface functionalization also affects the antibacterial performance of 2D NBG through changing their surface charge 155. For instance, 2D nanomaterials modified with positively charged groups could efficiently attach to the negatively charged bacterial membrane, which presents higher antibacterial activities 74.…”

Polyhydroxyalkanoates Synthesized by Aeromonas Species: Trends and Challenges

“…Chemical formulae of polyhydroxyalkanaotes (PHAs). ( A ) P(3HB); ( B ) P(3HO), ( C ) P(3HB-co-3HHx) [4]. …”