Surface modification of polystyrene by photoinitiated introduction of cyano groups

Meyer, Ursula; Kern, Wolfgang; Ebel, Maria F.; Svagera, Robert

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-3927(19991001)20:10<515::aid-marc515>3.0.co;2-a

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…More recently, polystyrene surface was modified by irradiating with a UV source (λ = 254 nm) in the presence of gaseous cyanogen bromide (BrCN). It was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that the CN groups were covalently bonded to the polymer surface …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amidoximation of the Acrylonitrile Polymer Grafted on Poly(Tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) Films and Its Relevance to the Electroless Plating of Copper

Kang

Neoh

2002

Langmuir

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Argon plasma-pretreated poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) films were subjected to UV-induced surface graft copolymerization with acrylonitrile (AN). The AN graft-copolymerized FEP (AN-g-FEP) surface was further reacted with hydroxylamine to introduce amidoxime groups on the surface (the amidoximated AN-g-FEP surface). Electroless plating of copper could be carried out effectively on the AN-g-FEP and amidoximated AN-g-FEP surfaces after sensitization in SnCl2 solution and activation in PdCl2 solution. The plasma pretreatment time of the FEP substrate and the UV graft copolymerization time affected the graft concentration of the AN polymer on the FEP surface. The surface compositions and the degree of amidoximation (DA) of the surface-modified FEP films were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The amidoximated FEP surface formed a complex with palladium ions and exhibited a strong ability to extract copper ions from the plating solution. The interaction of the AN-g-FEP and its amidoximated surfaces with evaporated copper atoms was investigated in situ by XPS. The T-peel adhesion strength of the electrolessly deposited copper with the amidoximated AN-g-FEP surface was enhanced to about 12 N/cm, from about 5 N/cm with the AN-g-FEP surface. The adhesion failure of the electrolessly deposited copper with the amidoximated AN-g-FEP film occurred cohesively inside the FEP substrate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amidoximation of the Acrylonitrile Polymer Grafted on Poly(Tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) Films and Its Relevance to the Electroless Plating of Copper

Kang

Neoh

2002

Langmuir

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“…Cyano groups are desirable for many technological applications because they possess a large dipole moment and readily complex metal ions. For instance, incorporation of silver ions at a substrate surface can lead to antibacterial properties. − Previous attempts aimed at preparing cyano-containing surfaces have included grafting, gas-phase photochemical reactions involving cyanogen halides, and also wet chemical functionalization of silica chromatography supports . Toxicity and the requirement for solvents are considered to be drawbacks for these existing methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyano-Functionalized Solid Surfaces

Tarducci¹,

Schofield²,

Badyal³

et al. 2001

Chem. Mater.

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“…In recent reports the attachment of specific functional groups onto polymer surfaces by UV irradiation in the presence of reactive gases has been described. Among these techniques are the photochlorination of polystyrene, the photoassisted introduction of amino groups onto fluorocarbon polymers, the photochemical modification of polystyrene surfaces with CN groups, and the irradiation of polymer surfaces in the presence of gaseous boron compounds . Generally, photochemical techniques appear as an inexpensive alternative to plasma treatments as operation under vacuum is not required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modification of Polyethylene by Photochemical Introduction of Sulfonic Acid Groups

Kavc¹,

Kern²,

Ebel³

et al. 2000

Chem. Mater.

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A photochemical technique for the modification of polyethylene (PE) surfaces was developed. Polyethylene samples were irradiated with UV light in a gas atmosphere containing SO2 and air to achieve a photosulfonation of the surface. The introduction of sulfonic acid groups (−SO3H) onto the PE surface was proved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The influence of the gas composition and the UV irradiation time on the modification reaction were studied by means of contact angle measurements, FTIR spectroscopy, and dyeing with methylene blue. The hydrophilicity of the PE surface increased considerably compared to unreacted PE. The depth of photomodification amounted to several micrometers. A patterned surface modification was obtained by mask projection. The presented method of surface modification is carried out under atmospheric pressure and is considered to be an inexpensive alternative to plasma modification techniques. Because of the large depth of modification, the process may also be useful for the modification of membranes andin combination with projection lithographyfor the manufacture of gratings in thin polymer films (as required for holographic recordings and distributed feedback lasers).

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Surface modification of polystyrene by photoinitiated introduction of cyano groups

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Amidoximation of the Acrylonitrile Polymer Grafted on Poly(Tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) Films and Its Relevance to the Electroless Plating of Copper

Amidoximation of the Acrylonitrile Polymer Grafted on Poly(Tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) Films and Its Relevance to the Electroless Plating of Copper

Cyano-Functionalized Solid Surfaces

Surface Modification of Polyethylene by Photochemical Introduction of Sulfonic Acid Groups

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