Surface modification of styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers by polyacrylamide grafting via gamma irradiation

Cunha, Luciana da; Coutinho, Fernanda M. B.; Jesus, Edgar Francisco Oliveira de; Gomes, Ailton S.

doi:10.1007/s00289-008-0962-2

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Similarly, L.D. Cunha et al [ 35 ] investigated the TG thermal curves of the surface modification of styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers by PAM grafting. They found that the total weight loss of the modified copolymer was lower.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrophobically Associating Polyacrylamide “Water-in-Water” Emulsion Prepared by Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization and Rheological Behavior

Zhang

et al. 2023

Molecules

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The hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide (HAPAM) is an important kind of water-soluble polymer, which is widely used as a rheology modifier in many fields. However, HAPAM products prepared in a traditional method show disadvantages including poor water solubility and the need for hydrocarbon solvents and appropriate surfactants, which lead to environmental pollution and increased costs. To solve these problems, we reported a novel kind of HAPAM “water-in-water” (w/w) emulsion and its solution properties. In this work, a series of cationic hydrophobic monomers with different alkyl chain lengths were synthesized and characterized. Then, HAPAM w/w emulsions were prepared by the aqueous dispersion polymerization of acrylamide, 2-methylacryloylxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and a hydrophobic monomer. All these emulsions can be stored more than 6 months, showing excellent stability. An optical microscopy observation showed that the particle morphology and the particle size of the HAPAM emulsion were more regular and bigger than the emulsion without the hydrophobic monomer. The solubility tests showed that such HAPAM w/w emulsions have excellent solubility, which took no more than 180 s to dilute and achieve a homogeneous and clear solution. The rheology measurements showed that the HAPAM association increases with a hydrophobe concentration or the length of hydrophobic alkyl chains, resulting in better shear and temperature resistances. The total reduced viscosity was 124.42 mPa·s for cw101, 69.81 mPa·s for cw6-1, 55.38 mPa·s for cw8-0.25, 48.95 mPa·s for cw12-0.25 and 28 mPa·s for cw16-0.25 when the temperature increased from 30 °C to 90 °C. The cw8-2.0 that contains a 2 mol% hydrophobe monomer has the lowest value at 19.12 mPa·s due to the best association. Based on the excellent stability, solubility and rheological properties, we believe that these HAPAM w/w emulsions could find widespread applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrophobically Associating Polyacrylamide “Water-in-Water” Emulsion Prepared by Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization and Rheological Behavior

Zhang

et al. 2023

Molecules

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“…The C30Hep copolymer presented a higher swelling percentage in methanol than the C50Hep copolymer. The swelling capacity of the copolymers can be attributed to the expansion of collapsed polymer structures [17] Since the C50Hep copolymer is more porous, this material has a lower content of collapsed mass (gel phase).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, when the diluent is a good solvent of the growing polymer chains, these chains remain solvated during the polymerization period, resulting in the formation of a gel material. On the other hand, if a nonsolvent is used as diluent, the phase separation occurs before the gel point, forming a porous structure [14][15][16][17][18] . The efficiency of a biocidal polymer is determined by the nature of its bactericidal group and the morphological characteristics of the polymer matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Bactericidal Action of 2-vinylpiridine Copolymers Containing Quaternary Ammonium Groups and Their Charge Transfer Complexes

Valle¹,

Marques²,

Costa³

et al. 2013

Polímeros

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Abstract:We report the development of copolymers based on 2-vinylpyridine with different porosity degrees. The copolymers were quaternized with methyl iodide and acrylonitrile to introduce quaternary ammonium groups on pyridine units. To prepare charge transfer complexes, the unmodified copolymers and their derivatives quaternized were impregnated with iodine. The antibacterial properties of all the polymers were evaluated ranging from of the Escherichia coli strain. The unmodified copolymers did not have antibacterial activity against E.Coli suspensions. The quaternization with methyl iodine and acrylonitrile increased the biocidal performance of these copolymers, but only the copolymer with the lowest porosity modified with methyl iodine showed significant bactericidal action for all E. Coli concentrations. The 2-vinylpiridine copolymers quaternized and impregnated with iodine had higher antibacterial activity than the impregnated ones. The charge transfer complexes derived from the copolymer with the lowest porosity and highest swelling capacity in water had the best bactericidal performance.

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“…Polyacrylamide, a water soluble and hydrophilic polymer is incorporated into polystyrene chain, a hydrophobic polymer in a single chemical reaction. The introduction of hydrophilic polymer chains such as polyacrylamide onto styrene copolymers may promote better diffusion of aqueous solution through porous structure and offer numerous potential applications [27]. This method of synthesis offers several advantages such as simplified operation and experimental set-up, shorter reaction time, good repeatability, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous methods of surface modification or functionalization have also been studied [24,26]. Most routes of surface modification of polymers with grafted polyacrylamide chains have been based on radical polymerization, using an oxidation-reduction initiation system (with ceric ion) [27] or a living radical polymerization (LRP) by coppermediated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) [28]. It was shown that the grafting of acrylamide at the surface of hydrocarbon polymers could be conveniently initiated by near-UV irradiation of a photo-initiator previously absorbed at the surface of the polymer or by thermal decomposition of photo-generated hydroperoxides in the presence of the monomer in aqueous solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(styrene-co-acrylamide) Polymers Prior to Electrospinning

Oketola¹,

Torto²

2013

ANP

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Electrospun nanofibers present a new and rapidly growing research area due to their pronounced micro and nano characteristics associated with high surface area to volume ratio. Poly(styrene-co-acrylamide) and polystyrene polymers were synthesized by boiling temperature soap free emulsion polymerization in aqueous medium with potassium peroxosulphate as the initiator. The resulting polymers were dissolved in dimethylformamide and teterahydrofuran (DMF: THF) (4:1) to form polymer solutions that were electrospun into fiber mats with diameters ranging from 1.84 -2.53 µm and 5.01 µm, respectively. The fibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) equipped with universal ATR sampling accessory (4000 -400 cm −1). The morphology and size were examined by a scanning electron miscroscope (SEM) and the thermal properties by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The FTIR spectra of the poly(styrene-co-acrylamide) revealed the presence of acrylamide on the polystyrene chain. Thus, surface modification of polystyrene with acrylamide is possible in a single step polymerization reaction prior to electrospinning.

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Surface modification of styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers by polyacrylamide grafting via gamma irradiation

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Hydrophobically Associating Polyacrylamide “Water-in-Water” Emulsion Prepared by Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization and Rheological Behavior

Hydrophobically Associating Polyacrylamide “Water-in-Water” Emulsion Prepared by Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization and Rheological Behavior

Evaluation of Bactericidal Action of 2-vinylpiridine Copolymers Containing Quaternary Ammonium Groups and Their Charge Transfer Complexes

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(styrene-co-acrylamide) Polymers Prior to Electrospinning

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