Surface‐Modified Metallic Ti3C2Tx MXene as Electron Transport Layer for Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells

Yang, Lin; Dall’Agnese, Chunxiang; Dall’Agnese, Yohan; Chen, Gang; Gao, Yu; Sanehira, Yoshitaka; Jena, Ajay Kumar; Wang, Xiaofeng; Gogotsi, Yury; Miyasaka, Tsutomu

doi:10.1002/adfm.201905694

Cited by 154 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This effect was shown in the study of Liu et al,32 where MXenes have been used to reduce the Schottky barrier for electron injection with 2D semiconductors. In fact, MXenes have been successfully used in PSCs 20,21,33. Very recently a thorough study has shown that MXenes can be used to fine‐tune the band alignment between the perovskite layer and both the ETL and HTL, with a significant improvement of both J sc and V oc as well as the fill factor (FF), resulting in efficiencies that can be improved from 15% to above 20% 19…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Work Function Tuning of Lead‐Halide Perovskites by MXenes with Mixed Terminations

Vito

Croy

Maur

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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MXenes are a recent family of 2D materials with very interesting electronic properties for device applications. One very appealing feature is the wide range of work functions shown by these materials, depending on their composition and surface terminations, that can be exploited to adjust band alignments between different material layers. In this work, based on density functional theory calculations, how mixed terminations of F, OH, and/or O affect the work function of Ti 3 C 2 MXene is analyzed in detail, covering the whole phase-space of mixtures. The Ti 3 C 2 /CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MAPbI 3) perovskite coupled system for solar cell applications is also analyzed. A strong nonlinear behavior is found when varying the relative concentrations of OH, O, and F terminations, with the strongest effect of the OH groups in lowering the work function, already at a relative amount of 25%. A surprising minimum work function is found for relative OH:O fraction of 75:25, explained in terms of the nonlinear electronic response in screening the surface dipoles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Work Function Tuning of Lead‐Halide Perovskites by MXenes with Mixed Terminations

Vito

Croy

Maur

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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“…MXenes are a new family of 2D nanostructured materials originally reported in 2011. [ 23 ] The excellent electrochemical properties of MXenes make them widely applicable for electromagnetic interference shielding, [ 24–25 ] photodegradation, [ 26 ] photovoltaics, [ 27–28 ] electrochemical catalysis, [ 29 ] supercapacitors, and lithium ion batteries. [ 30–32 ] MXenes are prepared from MAX phases by etching the A layer (usually Al or Si) with a strong acid solution such as HF or LiF/HCl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorosome‐Like Molecular Aggregation of Chlorophyll Derivative on Ti₃C₂T_x MXene Nanosheets for Efficient Noble Metal‐Free Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Chen

Sun

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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such as global warming and climate changes. [1][2][3][4] Solar energy is clean and abundant, for example, nearly four million exajoules (4 × 10 18 J) of solar energy reaches the earth annually. [1,5] Conversion of solar energy into chemical energy through photocatalytic decomposition of water to produce hydrogen is one of the suitable approaches to utilize solar energy. [6][7][8][9][10] The different types of fundamental photocatalytic reactions include i) semiconductor-based photocatalysis, ii) dye-sensitized semiconductor-based photo catalysis, iii) quantum dot-based photocatalysis, iv) 2D layered materials-based photocatalysts, and v) plasmonic photocatalysts. [11] Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are mainly based on inorganic semiconductor and poly merbased organic semiconductors, for exampl, in a conventional dye-sensitized semiconductor photocatalytic hydrogen production system, the dye molecules are excited to inject electrons into the conduction band of a semiconductor or polymer (inorganic semiconductor TiO 2 or g-C 3 N 4 is usually chosen), then the electrons are quickly captured by the co-catalyst (such as precious metals Efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the visibleto-near infrared region at a low cost remains a challenging issue. This work demonstrates the fabrication of organic-inorganic composites by deposition of supramolecular aggregates of a chlorophyll derivative, namely, zinc methyl 3-devinyl-3-hydroxymethyl-pyropheophorbide a (Chl) on the surface of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene with 2D accordion-like morphology. This composite material isemployed as noble metal-free catalyst in photocatalytic HER under the white light illumination, where Chl serves as a small molecule organic semiconductor component instead of ordinary inorganic and polymer organic semiconductors such as TiO 2 and g-C 3 N 4 , and Ti 3 C 2 T x serves as a co-catalyst. Different composition ratios of Chl/Ti 3 C 2 T x are compared for their light-harvesting ability, morphology, charge transfer efficiency, and photocatalytic performance. The best HER performance is found to be as high as 52 ± 5 µmol h −1 g cat −1 after optimization. Such a large HER activity is attributed to the efficient light harvesting followed by exciton transfer in Chl aggregates and the resultant charge separation at the interface of Chl/Ti 3 C 2 T x .

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“…The optimum time of UV‐ozone treatment can generate oxide‐like TiO bonds which facilitate electron transfer and reduce recombination at the interface. [ 134 ] Amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (InGaZnO 4 ) was revisited as a new ETL for PSCs by Rao et al. and a PCE of 17.4% was obtained.…”

Section: Inorganic Etmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Electron Transport Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells

Lin

Jones

Yang

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

141

106

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In the past decade, the perovskite solar cell (PSC) has attracted tremendous attention thanks to the substantial efforts in improving the power conversion efficiency from 3.8% to 25.5% for single‐junction devices and even perovskite‐silicon tandems have reached 29.15%. This is a result of improvement in composition, solvent, interface, and dimensionality engineering. Furthermore, the long‐term stability of PSCs has also been significantly improved. Such rapid developments have made PSCs a competitive candidate for next‐generation photovoltaics. The electron transport layer (ETL) is one of the most important functional layers in PSCs, due to its crucial role in contributing to the overall performance of devices. This review provides an up‐to‐date summary of the developments in inorganic electron transport materials (ETMs) for PSCs. The three most prevalent inorganic ETMs (TiO2, SnO2, and ZnO) are examined with a focus on the effects of synthesis and preparation methods, as well as an introduction to their application in tandem devices. The emerging trends in inorganic ETMs used for PSC research are also reviewed. Finally, strategies to optimize the performance of ETL in PSCs, effects the ETL has on J–V hysteresis phenomenon and long‐term stability with an outlook on current challenges and further development are discussed.

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Surface‐Modified Metallic Ti₃C₂T_x MXene as Electron Transport Layer for Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 154 publications

References 47 publications

Nonlinear Work Function Tuning of Lead‐Halide Perovskites by MXenes with Mixed Terminations

Nonlinear Work Function Tuning of Lead‐Halide Perovskites by MXenes with Mixed Terminations

Chlorosome‐Like Molecular Aggregation of Chlorophyll Derivative on Ti₃C₂T_x MXene Nanosheets for Efficient Noble Metal‐Free Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Inorganic Electron Transport Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells

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Surface‐Modified Metallic Ti3C2Tx MXene as Electron Transport Layer for Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 154 publications

References 47 publications

Nonlinear Work Function Tuning of Lead‐Halide Perovskites by MXenes with Mixed Terminations

Nonlinear Work Function Tuning of Lead‐Halide Perovskites by MXenes with Mixed Terminations

Chlorosome‐Like Molecular Aggregation of Chlorophyll Derivative on Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanosheets for Efficient Noble Metal‐Free Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Inorganic Electron Transport Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells

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Resources

About

Surface‐Modified Metallic Ti₃C₂T_x MXene as Electron Transport Layer for Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells

Chlorosome‐Like Molecular Aggregation of Chlorophyll Derivative on Ti₃C₂T_x MXene Nanosheets for Efficient Noble Metal‐Free Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution