Surface modified NiOx as an efficient hole transport layer in inverted perovskite solar cells

Sequential‐dip‐coating processed mixed organic and inorganic perovskite film from halide‐free lead precursor for efficient perovskite solar cells

“…The films exhibited distinctive XRD patterns characteristic of FA 1 MA 1−y PbI 3−x Br x crystalline nature, with strong peaks observed at 2θ = 14.21°, 28.42°, and 31.91°, corresponding to the (001), (220), and (310) diffraction planes, respectively 20,23 . Additionally, specific crystallinity peaks for PbI 2 were observed at 2θ = 12.6°, without any peaks associated with the perovskite crystal structures of MAPbI 3 and FAPbBr 3 at the predicted angles of 2θ = 14.02° and 21.2°, respectively 24,25 .…”

“…The films exhibited distinctive XRD patterns characteristic of FA 1 MA 1Ày PbI 3Àx Br x crystalline nature, with strong peaks observed at 2θ = 14.21 , 28.42 , and 31.91 , corresponding to the (001), (220), and (310) diffraction planes, respectively. 20,23 Additionally, specific crystallinity peaks for PbI 2 were observed at 2θ = 12.6 , without any peaks associated with the perovskite crystal structures of MAPbI 3 and FAPbBr 3 at the predicted angles of 2θ = 14.02 and 21.2 , respectively. 24,25 Notably, we observed slight diffraction peak shifting behavior in the FA 1 MA 1Ày PbI 3Àx Br x perovskite prepared from FABr/MAI solutions compared to FAPbBr 3 and MAPbI 3 perovskite, possibly attributed to the steady effect of the FA cation (or Br anion) on the perovskite lattice size compared to the MA cation (or I anion).…”

Microwave-facilitated crystal growth of defect-passivated triple-cation metal halide perovskites toward efficient solar cells

“…51–55 Moreover, studies using NiO x often focus on the different processing techniques of NiO x films for engineering the interface between perovskites and NiO x to suppress the formation of interfacial defects. 56–61 Despite the restriction of the selection on the underlying charge transport layer, we highlight that (1) the microwave annealing in this work required a short processing time, less than 10 min, for perovskite grain growth, which is otherwise longer, ∼30 min, in the case of CTA and (2) we improved the photovoltaic performance by processing the perovskite films following a spin coating step with microwave treatments combined with simultaneous defect passivation. Hence, these results pave the way for diverse new approaches to passivating defects with various reservoir solvents and passivators during crystal growth processed by volumetric heating using microwaves.…”

“…Our previous work showed that microwave annealing on the as-spun films of nickel nitrates on the ITO layer can suppress the formation of Ni 3+ , so the interfacial perovskite quality is improved, leading to a higher V oc . 59,63 Microwaves produce heat in the ITO layer by the ohmic mechanism. In addition, dielectric heating is generated in the reservoir solution and perovskites by molecular rotation, friction, and collisions between ionic and polar constituents.…”

“…34,69 We note that the diffraction peak corresponding to PbI 2− x Br x disappeared for the MWA–TOPO film, indicating that the formation of the Pb clusters known for defect sites was completely suppressed. 59 This is attributed to the establishment of a Pb–O bond by the coordination of TOPO to Pb 2+ ions both in the bulk and at the surface. In the meantime, CTA–TOPO perovskites still exhibit a diffraction peak for Pb crystallinity, thus supporting our conclusion that TOPO spin coating alone cannot passivate the bulk defects to the extent that MWA–TOPO can.…”