Surface-modified spherical activated carbon for high carbon loading and its desalting performance in flow-electrode capacitive deionization

Park, Hong-ran; Choi, Jiyeon; Yang, SeungCheol; Kwak, Sung Jo; Jeon, Soon‐Ik; Han, Moon‐Hee; Kim, Dong Kook

doi:10.1039/c6ra02480g

Cited by 103 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Many studies have demonstrated that carbon-based materials can meet the requirements of high performance CDI electrodes, such as activated carbon, porous carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene and their composites with inorganic materials. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] However, almost all carbon-based materials for CDI electrodes reported to date are exclusively synthesized by using petroleum-derived chemicals, undoubtedly enhancing the cost of large-scale production applications. Therefore, seeking low-cost and abundant carbon sources to fabricate carbon-based materials for high-performance CDI is still highly requested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass-derived N-doped porous carbon as electrode materials for Zn-air battery powered capacitive deionization

Zhao

Liu

Sun

et al. 2018

Chemical Engineering Journal

204

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Capacitive deionization (CDI) has been a promising technique to obtain fresh water by electrosorption of charged ionic species in seawater/brackish water. Its performance is highly dependent on the physical and chemical properties of CDI electrode materials. Herein, Ndoped porous carbon (NPC) with a N content of 1.66 at.% was fabricated using soybean shell as starting material by a facile pyrolysis approach with the assistance of KHCO 3 in N 2 atmosphere. The as-prepared NPC with porous structure and high surface area (1036.2 m 2 g-1) was further functionalized with sulfonic groups in an aryl diazonium salt solution to obtain sulfonyl functionalized NPC (S-NPC) with a surface area of 844.0 m 2 g-1. S-NPC as cathode material was assembled into an asymmetric CDI device with aminated activated carbon (A-AC) as anode material, exhibiting superior CDI performance with an adsorption capacity of 15.5 mg g-1 and an average adsorption rate of 0.44 mg g-1 min-1 in 40 mg L-1 NaCl solution at an applied voltage of 1.2 V. As a proof of concept study, such configured CDI device was also powered for the first time by a Zn-air battery made from NPC with an open-circuit voltage of 1.28 V owing to N doping in soybean shell derived porous carbon with superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, delivering an impressive CDI performance with an adsorption capacity of 15.8 mg g-1 and an average adsorption rate of 0.37 mg g-1 min-1 in 40 mg L-1 NaCl solution. This superior CDI performance can be due to S-NPC with high surface area, porous structure and surface rich negative charges resulted from sulfonyl functionalization, favourable for adsorption active sites exposure and mass transport of Na + ions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass-derived N-doped porous carbon as electrode materials for Zn-air battery powered capacitive deionization

Zhao

Liu

Sun

et al. 2018

Chemical Engineering Journal

204

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“…Another use of IEP coating is to act as a dispersant for carbons used in flow electrodes. As studied by Park et al ., activated carbon loading cannot be too high for flow electrodes because of its effect on the viscosity [110] . After coating AC with a polymer containing trimethylammonium (AC−N) and sulfonate (AC−S) groups, a lower viscosity was observed (Figure 6c–d) and higher AC loading became possible.…”

Section: Development Of Carbon‐based CDI Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon‐Based Capacitive Deionization Electrodes: Development Techniques and its Influence on Electrode Properties

Angeles

Lee

2021

The Chemical Record

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Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a potential technology to provide cost efficient desalinated and/or softened water. Several efforts have been invested in the fabrication of CDI electrodes that not only has outstanding performance but also high chance of large scalability. In this personal account, the different techniques in developing carbon‐based materials are presented together with its actual effect on the surface and electrochemical properties of carbon. The categories presented are based on the studies done by the Electrochemical Reaction and Technology Laboratory, the Ertl Center, different research groups in South Korea, and selected papers from the past three years. Our perspective about research gaps and prospects are also included with the aim to increase interest for CDI research.

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“…By modifying cell architecture, only 35 wt. % carbon content of the slurry has been achieved so far [90]. Exploitation of carbon particles of low size (2-10 µm) and spherical carbons as application in slurry electrodes has also been reported thus enabling higher carbon loading and viscosity reduction.…”

Section: Flow Capacitive Deionization (Fcdi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Electrochemical Water Desalination Techniques: A Review on Capacitive Deionization, Membrane Capacitive Deionization and Flow Capacitive Deionization

et al. 2020

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Electrochemical water desalination has been a major research area since the 1960s with the development of capacitive deionization technique. For the latter, its modus operandi lies in temporary salt ion adsorption when a simple potential difference (1.0–1.4 V) of about 1.2 V is supplied to the system to temporarily create an electric field that drives the ions to their different polarized poles and subsequently desorb these solvated ions when potential is switched off. Capacitive deionization targets/extracts the solutes instead of the solvent and thus consumes less energy and is highly effective for brackish water. This paper reviews Capacitive Deionization (mechanism of operation, sustainability, optimization processes, and shortcomings) with extension to its counterparts (Membrane Capacitive Deionization and Flow Capacitive Deionization).

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Surface-modified spherical activated carbon for high carbon loading and its desalting performance in flow-electrode capacitive deionization

Abstract: We fabricated surface modified activated carbons covered with ion-selective polymer. These materials can be used as powerful dispersants and flow electrodes, and improved desalting efficiency by high carbon loading via electrostatic repulsion.

Cited by 103 publications

References 37 publications

Biomass-derived N-doped porous carbon as electrode materials for Zn-air battery powered capacitive deionization

Biomass-derived N-doped porous carbon as electrode materials for Zn-air battery powered capacitive deionization

Carbon‐Based Capacitive Deionization Electrodes: Development Techniques and its Influence on Electrode Properties

Towards Electrochemical Water Desalination Techniques: A Review on Capacitive Deionization, Membrane Capacitive Deionization and Flow Capacitive Deionization

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