Surface Molecular Composition and Electrical Property of Cationic Solid Lipid Nanoparticles with Assembled Lipid Layer Mediated by Noncovalent Interactions

Abstract

Understanding of charged groups on nanostructured lipid particles is an important issue in nanomedicine development. This study presents the relation between noncovalent interactions and the composition of ionogenic groups in the assembled lipid layer of cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (CSLNs). Innovated CSLNs containing cacao butter, cholesterol, stearylamine, and esterquat 1 (EQ 1) were fabricated by modified solvent diffusion method. The results revealed that the average diameter of CSLNs decreased when the weight percentage of cholesterol and EQ 1 increased. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy evidenced strong interactions between cholesterol and EQ 1. These noncovalent interactions exhibited hydrophobic and cation–aromatic characteristics and mediated the distribution of lipids in the external layer of CSLNs. In addition, an increase in the weight percentage of cholesterol and EQ 1 enhanced the zeta potential, electrophoretic mobility, and fixed charge density on CSLNs. The noncovalent interactions in the assembled lipid layer affect the chemical composition on the lipid surface and yield intriguing electrokinetic behavior of CSLNs.

Developing a Rapid and Sensitive Colorimetric Sensor for Detection of Food Adulterant Rhodamine‐B in Real Samples

“…A sharp peak at 1643.95 cm −1 depicts bending vibration of alkene stretch (C=O, C=C). The sturdy peak at 1434.77 cm −1 designates C−H bending and the stubby peak at 1315 cm −1 corresponds to C−H stretching [49] . The peak at 1014 cm −1 corresponds to C−N stretching and finally the peak at 952 cm −1 ascribed to C=C bending [50] .…”

“…We obtain the deconvoluted C1s peak of Rh−B from Figure 4(b), depicting the following species C−N, C−O/C=O, C=C/C−C, and C−O−C which corresponds to the following binding energies 288.61, 286.13, 284.60, and 284.40 eV, respectively [50,56] . The deconvoluted O1s peak of Rh−B are depicted in Figure 4(e) which contains the following species C−O−C, C=O/C−O, and O=C−N, which corresponds to 533.15, 531.95 and 530.38 eV binding energies respectively [49,55] . Figure 4(c) shows the C1s deconvoluted peak of conjugate, which shows a number of species, C=O/C−O, C−C/C=C, C−N and C−O−C which depicts correspondingly the following binding energies 285.48, 284.22, 288.31, and 284.40 eV respectively and the deconvoluted O1s peak of the conjugate has been presented in Figure 4(f) which shows many species C−O−C, C=O/C−O, and O=C−N at 533.12, 532.07, and 530.53 eV binding energies, respectively [57,58] .…”

“…The sturdy peak at 1434.77 cm À 1 designates CÀ H bending and the stubby peak at 1315 cm À 1 corresponds to CÀ H stretching. [49] The peak at 1014 cm À 1 corresponds to CÀ N stretching and finally the peak at 952 cm À 1 ascribed to C=C bending. [50] Hence the FTIR spectrum shows the existence of nitrogen and oxygen-containing surface functional groups which enhance the aqueous solubility.…”

“…[50,56] The deconvoluted O1s peak of RhÀ B are depicted in Figure 4(e) which contains the following species CÀ OÀ C, C=O/CÀ O, and O=CÀ N, which corresponds to 533.15, 531.95 and 530.38 eV binding energies respectively. [49,55] 532.07, and 530.53 eV binding energies, respectively. [57,58] In conclusion, the XPS deconvolution of BZ-EXT, RhÀ B, and conjugate have containing various functional groups.…”

Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles with cholesterol‐mediated surface layer for transporting saquinavir to the brain

“…Moreover, the interaction between cholesterol and SA/EQ 1 matrix could grip more cationic SA/EQ 1 molecules in the superficial lipid zone and enhance the zeta potential of SQV‐CSLNs. It was worth to note that the noncovalent interactions between cholesterol and EQ 1 could promote the content of EQ 1 on SQV‐CSLNs, yield thin surface layers and raise the zeta potential . When compared with SQV‐free CSLNs, SQV‐CSLNs showed a relatively low zeta potential.…”