Surface morphology of a laser surface nitrided and etched Ti–6Al–4V alloy

Man, Hau Chung; Zhao, Na; Cui, Zhenduo

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.07.076

Cited by 56 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Laser surface modification plays a dual role: minimizing the release of metal ions by making the surface of the alloy harder and, more corrosive and wear resistant; as well as making the surface more bioactive and stimulating bone growth due to improvement in wettability and lower local surface energies [8,10]. To increase tribological properties of the alloy surface, most operations generally relied on forming a hard nitrogen rich surface layer by ion or laser techniques [11][12][13][14]. Laser alloying techniques such as nitriding are known to produce uncontrollable cracks, poor result reproducibility and non-homogeneous weak layers due to the complexity in dissolving the material uniformly in the melted pool [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High speed laser surface modification of Ti–6Al–4V

Chikarakara

Naher

Brabazon

2012

Surface and Coatings Technology

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Titanium and its alloys have been commonly used for biomedical implant applications for many years; however, associated high coefficient of friction, wear characteristics and low hardness have limited their long term performance. This article investigates the effects of the high speed laser surface modification of Ti6A1-4V on the microstructure, surface roughness, meltpool depth, phase transformation, residual strain, microhardness, and chemical composition. Laser treatment was carried out using a 1.5 kW CO 2 laser in an argon gas environment. Irradiance and residence time were varied between 15.7 to 26.7 kW/mm 2 and 1.08 to 2.16 ms respectively. Laser treatment resulted in a 20 to 50 pm thick surface modified layer without cracks. An increase in residence time and irradiance resulted in higher depth of processing. Surface roughness was found to decrease with increase in both irradiance and residence time. Metallography showed that a martensite structure formed on the laser treated region producing acicular a-Ti nested within the aged p matrix. The laser treatment reduced volume percentage of p-Ti as compared to the non-treated surface. Lattice stains in the range of 0.81% to 0.91% were observed after laser surface modification. A significant increase in micro-hardness was recorded for all laser treated samples. Microhardness increased up to 760 HV 0 . 05 which represented a 67% increase compared to the bulk material. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that laser surface modification produced a more homogenous chemical composition of the alloying elements compared to the untreated bulk metal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High speed laser surface modification of Ti–6Al–4V

Chikarakara

Naher

Brabazon

2012

Surface and Coatings Technology

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“…Surfaces -and coating morphology -cw mode/ms-pulses: Such experiments have been performed in [43][44][45][46][47][48]72] at cw-mode or in [42, 72-73, 76, 81] at ms -pulsed mode. Man et.al [44,[46][47] carries out experiments at cw-500 W and synthesized coatings of about 300 microns in thickness.…”

Section: Surfaces -And Coating Morphology -Ns -Pulsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Man et.al [44,[46][47] carries out experiments at cw-500 W and synthesized coatings of about 300 microns in thickness. They contain dendritic cubic TiN and show a very good erosion resistance.…”

Section: Surfaces -And Coating Morphology -Ns -Pulsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He assumes the nitrogen is incorporated by convection into the liquid titanium and the melt reacts in an exothermal reaction. Various other authors for example in [42][43][44][45][46][47][48] have already studied the method utilizing diverse lasers and analysis methods. Most of their results will be discussed in relation to own investigations in section 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser nitriding: investigations on the model system TiN. A review

Höche

Schaaf

2010

Heat Mass Transfer

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Nitriding is a well known technique to improve properties of materials. The process utilizing laser contains many different processes like heat transport and melting effects, diffusion and convection, which partially determine the synthesized coatings. This review concludes the research on titanium nitride synthesis in reactive ambient and draws conclusions for the general handling of the method. Afterwards, it becomes clear which and why, transport processes limit the coating properties. IntroductionHard material systems such as titanium nitride play an important role within the field of material sciences and industrial applications. In particular wear and corrosion protection are based on such systems. Beside the classical manufacturing procedures such as PVD or CVD, the method of the direct laser synthesis in a reactive gas environment, as examined here, represents an alternative to the production of such coatings. This review discusses the synthesis of such functional coatings on the system titanium -nitrogen by different laser irradiation based on own results respectively the literature and tries to give a general overview of the physical respectively transport processes taking place. Thus, experiments from the last three decades using similar experimental setups will be compared and discussed. Due to the availability of data of investigations utilizing titanium and nitrogen, this system was taken as a general model. After a discussion of several different experimental analyses and modelling results, the treatments get parameterized. This results in large potentials for technical applications. Finally, general conditions for the synthesis of such coatings with this procedure were set up. By means of these results it is possible to achieve purposefully predefined layer characteristics. The review concludes the most important publications containing research about this process. Thus, it could be assumed to be a reference in relation to laser nitriding or -carburizing. [4] or also hybrid procedures. A further alternative and very simple method is the direct lasers synthesis. The material is placed in a reactive gas environment and will be irradiated with laser light. Due to the developing physical and chemical effects coatings are synthesized, which possess special treatment dependent characteristics. Carburizing, nitro carburizing and/or nitriding are to most common methods from this field of processes. The method of nitriding particularly assists the improvement of tribological properties of surfaces. The surface hardness gets increased, whereby the wear resistance rises. Furthermore, these coatings are usually very non-reactive, which leads to an increase in corrosion protection. In the following the method will be studied more exactly and will be explained. Quantifying of the processes gets an important aim of the work. Arising phenomena will also be modelled. To do these investigations, the model titanium nitrogen has been used. It is a well known and often used system, and has been investigated ...

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“…La mayor parte de las nitruraciones láser, llevadas a cabo por diversos investigadores, han empleado el láser de CO 2 como fuente de energía [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] . En algunos casos, se realizan procesos de nitruración utilizando un láser Nd:YAG [28][29][30][31][32][33] . El láser de diodo se ha utilizado también para la nitruración de una aleación intermetá-lica de Ti-Al [34] y para la nitruración de la aleación Ti-6Al-4V [35] .…”

Section: Parámetros Láserunclassified

Revisión sobre nitruraciones láser de aleaciones de titanio

Pérez-Artieda¹,

Fernández-Carrasquilla²

2010

REVMETAL

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ResumenUna técnica comúnmente utilizada para la mejora de la resistencia a desgaste de las aleaciones de titanio es la nitruración de la superficie, utilizando la deposición física o química de vapor, la implantación iónica o el refundido de la superficie en atmósferas que contienen nitrógeno. En esta revisión se estudian los sistemas de nitruración con tecnología láser, utilizados para tratar la superficie de diferentes aleaciones de titanio. Las aleaciones de titanio son un material alternativo al acero, muy atractivo para aplicaciones que requieren alta resistencia a temperaturas elevadas, puesto que tienen una relación resistencia-dureza elevada y buena resistencia a corrosión. En aplicaciones que requieren buena resistencia a desgaste, las aleaciones de titanio suponen un problema, debido a sus pobres características tribológicas. La utilización de aleaciones de titanio junto con un tratamiento de nitruración adecuado, podría permitir la sustitución del acero en diferentes aplicaciones, consiguiendo una disminución en el peso de los componentes fabricados. Palabras claveNitruración; Tratamiento láser; Titanio; Tratamiento superficial. Review about laser nitriding of titanium alloys AbstractA common technique used to improve the wear response of titanium alloys is to nitride the surface, using chemical or physical vapour deposition, ion implantation or surface remelting in a nitrogen atmosphere. In this revision nitriding systems with laser technology are studied, used in titanium alloys surface treatments.For high temperature, high strength applications, titanium based alloys are an attractive light-weight alternative to steel, due to their high strength to weight ratio and corrosion resistance. In applications that require good wear resistance, titanium alloys pose a problem due to their poor tribological characteristics.Titanium alloys used with a suitable nitriding treatment could allow the replacement of steel in different applications, obtaining weight savings in fabricated components. KeywordsNitriding; Laser treatment; Titanium; Superficial treatment. INTRODUCCIÓNDurante los últimos años ha crecido el interés por los metales ligeros que poseen las propiedades necesarias para poder reemplazar aleaciones convencionales, como el acero. Las aleaciones de titanio son materiales atractivos por su excelente relación densidad-resistencia, su buena resistencia a corrosión y su resistencia a elevadas temperaturas. Este tipo de aleaciones se han utilizado, en los últimos años, en diferentes sectores industriales. Algunas de las aplicaciones más importantes han tenido lugar en el sector aeronáutico [1] ,donde el titanio se está utilizando en sustitución del acero, así como en ingeniería médica, donde la biocompatibilidad del titanio puro y algunas de sus aleaciones ha empujado su uso en un rango muy amplio de aplicaciones [2][3][4] . La mayor limitación de este tipo de material es su baja resistencia a desgaste. Se hace necesaria la formación de capas superficiales que mejoren el comportamiento ante fenómenos de...

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Surface morphology of a laser surface nitrided and etched Ti–6Al–4V alloy

Cited by 56 publications

References 12 publications

High speed laser surface modification of Ti–6Al–4V

High speed laser surface modification of Ti–6Al–4V

Laser nitriding: investigations on the model system TiN. A review

Revisión sobre nitruraciones láser de aleaciones de titanio

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