Surface self‐diffusion measurements on copper

Bonzel, H.P.; Gjostein, N.A.

doi:10.1002/pssb.19680250120

Cited by 42 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Average activation energies E A of metals for bulk (black) according to Mehrer and surface self‐diffusion (red) versus the material melting point T Melt . The activation energies for the surface self‐diffusion were taken from the literature: Al, Cu, Ni, Ti, Pt, Nb, Mo, Ta, and W …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biaxially Textured Titanium Thin Films by Oblique Angle Deposition: Conditions and Growth Mechanisms

Liedtke-Grüner

Grüner

Lotnyk

et al. 2019

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Growing highly crystalline nanowires over large substrate areas remains an ambiguous task nowadays. Herein, a time-efficient and easy-to-handle bottomup approach is demonstrated that enables the self-assembled growth of biaxially textured Ti thin films composed of single-crystalline nanowires in a singledeposition step. Ti thin films are deposited under highly oblique incidence angles by electron beam evaporation on amorphous substrates. Substrate temperature, angle of the incoming particle flux, and working pressure are varied to optimize the crystallinity in those films. Height-resolved structure information of individual nanowires is provided by a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) nanobeam, high-resolution TEM, and electron diffraction. Ti nanowires are polycrystalline at 77 K, whereas for ≥300 K, single-crystalline nanowires are tendentially found. The Ti crystals grow along the thermodynamically favored c-direction, but the nanowires' tilt angle is determined by shadowing. Biaxially textured Ti thin films require a certain temperature range combined with highly oblique deposition angles, which is proved by X-ray in-plane pole figures. A general correlation between average activation energy for surface self-diffusion and melting point of metals is given to estimate the significant influence of surface self-diffusion on the evolution of obliquely deposited metal thin films.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biaxially Textured Titanium Thin Films by Oblique Angle Deposition: Conditions and Growth Mechanisms

Liedtke-Grüner

Grüner

Lotnyk

et al. 2019

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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“…In addition, it is technically difficult to fabricate porous graphene with a feature size down to the mesoscale (<50 nm) by the nanoporous metal-based CVD. Since both Ni and Cu have a large surface diffusion coefficient (Ni: 10 −7 -10 −6 cm 2 s −1 [90] and Cu: 10 −5 -10 −4 cm 2 s −1 [91,92] ), the nano-sized metal ligaments and pores of the porous templates quickly coarsen at the high CVD temperatures of 800-1000 °C. In 2018, Han et al developed a new technique referred to as the carbide-derived graphene growth for low-temperature fabrication of 3D nanoporous graphene.…”

Section: Carbide Derivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Continuously Porous Graphene for Energy Applications

2022

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Constructing bulk graphene materials with well‐reserved 2D properties is essential for device and engineering applications of atomically thick graphene. In this article, the recent progress in the fabrications and applications of sterically continuous porous graphene with designable microstructures, chemistries, and properties for energy storage and conversion are reviewed. Both template‐based and template‐free methods have been developed to synthesize the 3D continuously porous graphene, which typically has the microstructure reminiscent of pseudo‐periodic minimal surfaces. The 3D graphene can well preserve the properties of 2D graphene of being highly conductive, surface abundant, and mechanically robust, together with unique 2D electronic behaviors. Additionally, the bicontinuous porosity and large curvature offer new functionalities, such as rapid mass transport, ample open space, mechanical flexibility, and tunable electric/thermal conductivity. Particularly, the 3D curvature provides a new degree of freedom for tailoring the catalysis and transport properties of graphene. The 3D graphene with those extraordinary properties has shown great promises for a wide range of applications, especially for energy conversion and storage. This article overviews the recent advances made in addressing the challenges of developing 3D continuously porous graphene, the benefits and opportunities of the new materials for energy‐related applications, and the remaining challenges that warrant future study.

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“…For further test of Eqs. (16) and 17, these were applied to the shrinkage data of A 2 3 compacts. From Fig.…”

Section: The Above Approximationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for obtaining surface diffusion coefficients from initial sintering data.

Moriyoshi

Komatsu

1978

Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan

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Kinetic equations for initial sintering were derived from the viewpoint of concurrent surface and volume diffusion and combined surface and grain boundary diffusion. The equation successfully described the shrinkage data of spherical copper studied by other authors and the surface diffusion coefficient obtained agreed very well with the data which were obtained from other methods. The equations were also applied to the isothermal shrinkage data of A 3 in air at 1 1 8 0 to 1 2 6 0 and the surface diffusion coefficients obtain ed were in good agreement with those obtained by other authors.

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Surface self‐diffusion measurements on copper

Cited by 42 publications

References 9 publications

Biaxially Textured Titanium Thin Films by Oblique Angle Deposition: Conditions and Growth Mechanisms

Biaxially Textured Titanium Thin Films by Oblique Angle Deposition: Conditions and Growth Mechanisms

3D Continuously Porous Graphene for Energy Applications

A method for obtaining surface diffusion coefficients from initial sintering data.

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