Surface structural and electrochemical investigations of pyrolytic carbon film electrodes prepared by chemical vapour deposition using ethene as carbon source

Eriksson, Alf; Norekrans, Ann-Sofie; Carlsson, Jan‐Otto

doi:10.1016/0022-0728(92)80052-6

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…[3][4][5][6][7][8] Recently, several methods have been reported for the preparation of new carbon-based thin films. These include the plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of organic gases, [6][7][8][9][10] sputtering, 1,[11][12][13][14] electron beam evaporation, [15][16][17] pyrolysis of polymeric thin films, [18][19][20] deposition, 21 and ion beam deposition. 22 Results from these studies show that carbon films differ significantly as regards such electrochemical properties as potential window, capacitance, conductivity, and stability as a result of the different deposition procedures.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Carbon materials have been widely used in electroanalysis, especially for biological sensing, because they have a number of advantageous properties. − Recently, several methods have been reported for the preparation of new carbon-based thin films. These include the plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of organic gases, − sputtering, ,− electron beam evaporation, − pyrolysis of polymeric thin films, − filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition, and ion beam deposition . Results from these studies show that carbon films differ significantly as regards such electrochemical properties as potential window, capacitance, conductivity, and stability as a result of the different deposition procedures.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Films Prepared by a Electron Cyclotron Resonance Sputtering Method

et al. 2006

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This paper describes the characterization, electrochemical properties, and applications of carbon films prepared by the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) sputtering method. The ECR-sputtered carbon film was deposited within several minutes at room temperature. The optimized sputtering conditions significantly change the film structure, which includes many more sp3 bonds (sp3/sp2 = 0.702) than previously reported film (sp3/sp2 = 0.274)1 with an extremely flat surface (0.7 A). The ECR-sputtered carbon films exhibit excellent electrochemical properties. For example, they have nearly the same potential window in the positive direction as that of high-quality, boron-doped diamond (moderately doped, 10(19)-10(20) boron atoms/cm3)2 and an even wider potential window in the negative direction with a low background current, high stability, and suppression of fouling by electroactive species without pretreatment. The electron-transfer rates at ECR-sputtered carbon films are similar to those of glassy carbon (GC) for Ru(NH3)(6)(2+)/(3+) and Fe(CN)(6)(3-)/(4-), whereas they are much slower than those of GC for Fe2+/3+, dopamine oxidation, and O2 reduction due to weak interactions between electroactive species and the ECR-sputtered carbon film surface. Such a response can be attributed to the ultraflat surface and low surface O/C ratios of ECR-sputtered carbon films. ECR-sputtered carbon film is advantageous for measuring biochemicals with high oxidation potentials because of its wide potential window and high stability. Highly reproducible and well-defined cyclic voltammograms were obtained for histamine and azide ions with a peak potential at 1.25 and 1.12 V vs Ag/AgCl, respectively. The film is very stable for continuous voltammetry measurements in 10 microM bisphenol A, which usually fouls the electrode surface with oxidation products.

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Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Films Prepared by a Electron Cyclotron Resonance Sputtering Method

et al. 2006

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“…Due to a number of advantageous properties, carbon materials have been commonly employed in electroanalysis, electrocatalysis, and electrosynthesis. − In recent years, attention has been drawn to the fabrication of low-cost, disposable, carbon film electrodes for mass-scale use as electrochemical sensors. − Relatively thick films are commonly prepared by printing from commercial carbon ink. ,− These types of films often yield widely varying electrochemical reactivity due to binding polymers and other adhesion promoters present in the variety of carbon inks used . Several methods have been reported for the fabrication of thin-film (≤400 nm) electrodes including chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of carbon containing gases, , sputtering, − electron-beam (e-beam) evaporation , and the pyrolysis of polymeric thin films. − In general, these thin film carbon electrodes are highly pure, contain some graphitic microstructure, are easily mass-produced, and yield electrochemical reactivity comparable to glassy carbon (GC).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…5,[8][9][10] These types of films often yield widely varying electrochemical reactivity due to binding polymers and other adhesion promoters present in the variety of carbon inks used. 7 Several methods have been reported for the fabrication of thin-film (e400 nm) electrodes including chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of carbon containing gases, 11,12 sputtering, [13][14][15][16] electron-beam (ebeam) evaporation 17,18 and the pyrolysis of polymeric thin films. [19][20][21][22][23] In general, these thin film carbon electrodes are highly pure, contain some graphitic microstructure, are easily mass-produced, and yield electrochemical reactivity comparable to glassy carbon (GC).…”

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Ultraflat Carbon Film Electrodes Prepared by Electron Beam Evaporation

et al. 2004

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A facile method for the preparation of thin-film carbon electrodes by electron beam evaporation onto highly doped silicon is presented. The physical and electrochemical properties of these films both before and after postdeposition pyrolysis are investigated. Raman spectroscopy establishes the amorphous structure of the nonpyrolyzed carbon films and confirms the formation of graphitic carbon after pyrolysis at 1000 degrees C. Scanning force microscopy reveals the root-mean-square roughness of nonpyrolyzed films to be approximately 1 A, while pyrolyzed films exhibit an increased roughness of approximately 4 A. The electrochemical behavior of the electrodes resembles glassy carbon, with measured heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constants among the highest measured for thin carbon films. These carbon film electrodes will potentially find applications in such fields as molecular electronics and scanning probe microscopy of adsorbed species.

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“…In addition to bulk resistivity and film adhesion, crystallographic morphology must primarily be controlled to give good electrochemical properties. Well-adhering carbon thin-films with good electrochemical properties can either be obtained by high temperature pyrolysis [13][14][15][16] or by sputtering process in a DC or RF deposition mode [17][18][19]. With respect to the electrochemical behavior, the thin-film carbon microelectrodes are comparable to commercial glassy carbon ones [17,18].…”

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confidence: 99%

Thin-Film Microfabrication of Electrochemical Transducers

Fiaccabrino

Koudelka‐Hep

1998

Electroanalysis

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Thin-film technology provides definite advantages for producing small-dimension electrodes and electrochemical transducers. The aim of this review article is to describe the main technological steps of microfabrication. Three selected examples, derived from research in our laboratory, are used to illustrate basic concepts as well as some nonstandard processes available for the fabrication of thin-film Pt, Au, Ir and C microelectrodes.

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Surface structural and electrochemical investigations of pyrolytic carbon film electrodes prepared by chemical vapour deposition using ethene as carbon source

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Films Prepared by a Electron Cyclotron Resonance Sputtering Method

Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Films Prepared by a Electron Cyclotron Resonance Sputtering Method

Ultraflat Carbon Film Electrodes Prepared by Electron Beam Evaporation

Thin-Film Microfabrication of Electrochemical Transducers

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