Surfactant-Assisted Perovskite Nanofillers Incorporated in Quaternized Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Membrane as an Effective Hydroxide-Conducting Electrolyte

Kumar, Selvaraj Rajesh; Ma, Wenfeng; Lu, Hsin-Chun; Teng, Li-Wei; Hsu, Hung-Chun; Shih, Chao‐Ming; Yang, Chun‐Chen; Lue, Shingjiang Jessie

doi:10.3390/en10050615

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Several anion-exchange polymeric membranes [ 15 , 16 ] or hydroxide-conductive electrolytes (alkaline-doped neutral membranes) [ 12 , 17 ] offer cost advantages compared to the proton-exchange membranes. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is an inexpensive polymer with an excellent film-forming ability [ 5 ] used in membrane separation [ 18 ], as a fuel-cell electrolyte [ 19 ] and in biological applications [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Zeolite-Loaded Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Membranes for Alkaline Fuel-Cell Electrolytes

Hsu

Kumar

et al. 2018

Polymers

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Having a secure and stable energy supply is a top priority for the global community. Fuel-cell technology is recognized as a promising electrical energy generation system for the twenty-first century. Polyvinyl alcohol/zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (PVA/ZIF-8) composite membranes were successfully prepared in this work from direct ZIF-8 suspension solution (0–45.4 wt %) and PVA mixing to prevent filler aggregation for direct methanol alkaline fuel cells (DMAFCs). The ZIF-8 fillers were chosen for the appropriate cavity size as a screening aid to allow water and suppress methanol transport. Increased ionic conductivities and suppressed methanol permeabilities were achieved for the PVA/40.5% ZIF-8 composites, compared to other samples. A high power density of 173.2 mW cm−2 was achieved using a KOH-doped PVA/40.5% ZIF-8 membrane in a DMAFC at 60 °C with 1–2 mg cm−2 catalyst loads. As the filler content was raised beyond 45.4 wt %, adverse effects resulted and the DMAFC performance (144.9 mW cm−2) was not improved further. Therefore, the optimal ZIF-8 content was approximately 40.5 wt % in the polymeric matrix. The specific power output was higher (58 mW mg−1) than most membranes reported in the literature (3–18 mW mg−1).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Zeolite-Loaded Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Membranes for Alkaline Fuel-Cell Electrolytes

Hsu

Kumar

et al. 2018

Polymers

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“…While PEMFCs can already meet DOE’s 2020 targets of catalyst loading and power density, 15 only very few lab-scale DMFC experiments can get close to DOE’s target performance. 16 , 17 In addition, there is limited regulation or research on the lifetime of DMFCs. 10 , 18 For simplicity of comparison, this study assumes that DMFCs have the same 10-year lifetime as PEMFCs and uses model-simulated performance as the target performance of DMFCs.…”

Section: Methods and Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study uses the performance of the state-of-the-art PEMFC and DMFC tested under 80 °C and air with 50 kPa backpressure ( Figure 3 a) as the baseline performance. 17 , 33 Cell voltage, power density, and efficiency as functions of the operating current density are derived based on these performance data. The following voltage equations are applied to describe the voltage of the fuel cell at a given current density, i where R u is the universal gas constant, 8.314 J/mol/K; F is the Faraday constant, 96485 C/mol; and T is the operating temperature of the fuel cell, 80 °C.…”

Section: Methods and Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical and Economic Analysis of Fuel Cells for Forklift Applications

Metzger

2022

ACS Omega

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This study compared the life cycle cost (LCC) of LiFePO 4 battery, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) as the main power source of electric forklifts. The battery showed the lowest LCC over 10 years ($14,935) among the three power sources, thanks to the significant price reduction in recent years. The fuel cost accounted for more than 70% of the total LCC of PEMFC ($36,682) when the hydrogen price was $8/kg. The LCC of DMFC ($41,819) with the current performance and catalyst loading (0.2 W/cm 2 , 6 mg PGM /cm 2 ) was 12% higher than the LCC of PEMFC ($36,682). The LCC of DMFC ($25,050) will be 28.9% lower than that of PEMFC if both PEMFC and DMFC reach the target performance and catalyst loading set by the U.S. Department of Energy (1 W/cm 2 , 0.125 mg PGM /cm 2 for PEMFC and 0.3 W/cm 2 , 3 mg PGM /cm 2 for DMFC). The smaller fleet size will significantly increase the LCC of PEMFC due to the high cost of hydrogen fueling and storage infrastructure. For forklift users with less than 50 units, which account for 80% of forklift users, DMFC will be even more cost-effective due to the significantly lower cost of methanol infrastructure.

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“…The maximum power density of active DMFCs achieved 98.6 mW cm −2 by using the QPVA/5wt.%FS with 2 M methanol and 6 M KOH, whereas the maximum power density of active DEFCs achieved 79 mW cm −2 by using the QPVA/5wt.%FS with 3 methanol and 5 M KOH at 80°C. Moreover, Rajesh Kumar et al introduced perovskite LaFeO 3 that is combined with QPVA‐based membrane. The perovskite LaFeO 3 was functionalized with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and synthesized with QPVA/CTAB‐coated perovskite LaFeO 3 membrane.…”

Section: Current Status Of Qpva‐based Membrane In Direct Methanol Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, optimum water absorption is required to stabilize the requirement of ionic conductivity and avoid swelling issues . Although the introduction of the quaternary ammonium group that is grafted to the PVA matrix polymer is beneficial for enhancing ionic conductivity, the functional group of QPVA‐based membrane increased the water‐absorbing property, thereby degrading the properties and performance of the cells . The phenomena of water uptakes happened when the hydrophilic region of QPVA‐based membrane continuously absorbs the water molecules and fills the interior space of the membrane.…”

Section: Challenges and Advances In Application Of Qpva‐based Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of quaternized polyvinyl alcohol as an alternative polymeric membrane in DMFCs and DEFCs

Zakaria

Kamarudin

2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) and direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) have emerged as alternative power generators for portable devices and household appliances because of their easy and fast production of electricity, as well as high energy conversion to provide high‐power density. However, several critical factors limit the commercialization of DMFCs and DEFCs, particularly issues related to polymer electrolyte membranes, including the high‐cost production of Nafion membranes and cell degradation caused by high fuel crossover and dehydration. This review paper provides an overview of the current status and challenges in quaternized polyvinyl alcohol (QPVA)‐based membranes as an alternative polymer electrolyte membrane for DMFCs and DEFCs. The main advantages of using QPVA‐based membranes in fuel cells are reduced cost production of membrane, fuel‐crossover minimization, and competitive conductivity with Nafion membrane. The effects of modifying the QPVA‐based membrane, especially on conductivity properties, fuel crossover, uptake condition, mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties, and single‐cell performance are comprehensively discussed. The best performances of DMFCs and DEFCs with utilizing QPVA‐based membrane are reported as 272 and 144 mW cm−2, respectively. This paper is the first to highlight the current status and challenges of QPVA‐based membranes for DMFCs and DEFCs applications.

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Surfactant-Assisted Perovskite Nanofillers Incorporated in Quaternized Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Membrane as an Effective Hydroxide-Conducting Electrolyte

Cited by 21 publications

References 75 publications

Highly Zeolite-Loaded Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Membranes for Alkaline Fuel-Cell Electrolytes

Highly Zeolite-Loaded Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Membranes for Alkaline Fuel-Cell Electrolytes

Technical and Economic Analysis of Fuel Cells for Forklift Applications

A review of quaternized polyvinyl alcohol as an alternative polymeric membrane in DMFCs and DEFCs

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