Surfactant-Oil-Water Systems Near the Affinity Inversion. XII. Emulsion Drop Size Versus Formulation and Composition

Pérez, Mirella; Zambrano, Noelia; Ramirez, M. Balaguer; Tyrode, Eric; Salager, Jean‐Louis

doi:10.1080/01932690208984189

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…On the other hand, Lin (1978) reported that in some emulsions stabilised with non-ionic surfactants, it may be desirable to keep the emulsification temperature above the PIT in order to facilitate emulsification. Salager and co-workers (Perez et al, 2002;Salager et al, 2002) confirmed and enhanced those statements by arguing that the opposite effects of formulation (temperature in our case) on interfacial tension and emulsion stability resulted in the presence of a minimum droplet size close to but not on the line HLD ¼ 0, and on both sides of it (see also Pizzino et al, 2009). They also added that small droplet emulsions can be attained near the vertical lines at high internal phase ratios.…”

Section: Catastrophic Inversionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Formation of tetradecane nanoemulsion by low-energy emulsification methods

Schalbart

Kawaji

Fumoto

2010

International Journal of Refrigeration

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Section: Catastrophic Inversionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Formation of tetradecane nanoemulsion by low-energy emulsification methods

Schalbart

Kawaji

Fumoto

2010

International Journal of Refrigeration

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“…If salt does indeed allow more packing at the interface, one would expect droplet size to decrease with increased salinity in order to accomodate more possible particles at the interface. Although some studies have shown an increase in dispersed oil droplet size as salinity increased [47,49], the effect seems to be system dependent. We hypothesize that although PGLN packing increased at the oil-water interface, higher salt concentrations may screen the electrical repulsion between droplets enough to allow coalescence.…”

Section: Emulsion Production and Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…At 1 mg/mL concentrations for both grafting densities, however, LPAM100 might instead exhibit smaller droplet sizes because there are more particles in solution compared to the emulsions containing higher molecular-weight LPAM700, as an inverse correlation between particle concentration and droplet size for Pickering emulsions has been established [46]. Additionally, some emulsions have shown increasing droplet size with increasing dispersed phase volume fraction [8,45,49], although explanations for this effect vary. For PGLN systems, it may well be that as the cyclohexane volume fraction increased, there were not enough PGLNs in solution to stabilize an increase in interfacial area associated with more cyclohexane.…”

Section: Emulsion Production and Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Pickering emulsions with polymer-grafted lignin nanoparticles (PGLNs)

Silmore

Gupta

Washburn

2016

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Lignin is an abundant biopolymer that has native interfacial functions but aggregates strongly in aqueous media. Polyacrylamide was grafted onto kraft lignin nanoparticles using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) chemistry to form polymer-grafted lignin nanoparticles (PGLNs) that tune aggregation strength while retaining interfacial activities in forming Pickering emulsions. Polymer graft density on the particle surface, ionic strength, and initial water and cyclohexane volume fractions were varied and found to have profound effects on emulsion characteristics, including emulsion volume fraction, droplet size, and particle interfacial concentration that were attributed to changes in lignin aggregation and hydrophobic interactions. In particular, salt concentration was found to have a significant effect on aggregation, zeta potential, and interfacial tension, which was attributed to changes in solubility of both the kraft lignin and the polyacrylamide grafts. Dynamic light scattering, UV-vis spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and tensiometry were used to quantify emulsion properties and nanoparticle behavior. Under all conditions, the emulsions exhibited relatively fast creaming but were stable against coalescence and Ostwald ripening for a period of months. All emulsions were also oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions, as predicted by the Bancroft rule, and no catastrophic phase inversions were observed for any nanoparticle compositions. We conclude that lower grafting density of polyacrylamide on a lignin core resulted in high levels of interfacial activity, as characterized by higher concentration at the water-cyclohexane interface with a corresponding decrease in interfacial tension. These results indicate that the interfacial properties of polymer-grafted lignin nanoparticles are primarily due to the native hydrophobic interactions of the lignin core. These results suggest that the forces that drive aggregation are also correlated with interfacial activities, and polymer-nanoparticle interactions are critical for optimizing interfacial activities. Controlled radical polymerization is a powerful tool for polymer grafting that can leverage the intrinsic interfacial functions of lignin for the formation of Pickering emulsions.

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“…Therefore, the system tended to be unstable due to the limited amount of surfactants [51]. Accordingly, increasing the water percentage in the emulsion could reduce the stability of the produced nanoemulsion (55). Also, with the increase in water loading, there occurs an increase in the size of water droplets; this may be attributed to the constant energy dissipated in each case with the increase of water loading, which affect the coarsening value of resultant water droplets to higher water droplet size.…”

Section: Effect Of Water Content and Oil Weight Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, with the increase in water loading, there occurs an increase in the size of water droplets; this may be attributed to the constant energy dissipated in each case with the increase of water loading, which affect the coarsening value of resultant water droplets to higher water droplet size. The influence of the water-to-oil ratio on droplet size is known to depend quite a lot on the formulation, surfactant nature, the oil characteristic parameter, e.g., its alkane carbon number (ACN) or equivalent (EACN), the water phase salinity, the alcohol type and concentration when applicable, as well as temperature, and sometimes even pressure (55), therefore, the influence of oil weight fraction (WOR) on the stability of w/o nanoemulsions was studied. Oil weight fraction (R) is defined as the weight fraction of oil in the total mixture of oil and water.…”

Section: Effect Of Water Content and Oil Weight Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Factors Affecting Water‐In‐Diesel Fuel Nanoemulsions

El‐Din¹,

El‐Hamouly²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2013

J Surfact & Detergents

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In this work, water‐in‐diesel fuel nanoemulsions were prepared with mixed nonionic surfactants. Several mixtures of sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate, with different Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance (HLB) values (9.6, 9.8, 10, 10.2 and 10.4) were prepared to achieve the optimal HLB value. Three mixed surfactant concentrations were prepared at 6, 8 and 10 wt% to identify the optimum concentration. Five emulsions with different water contents: 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 % (wt/wt) were prepared using a high energy method under the optimum conditions (HLB = 10 and mixed surfactant concentration = 10 %). The effect of the HLB value, mixed surfactant concentration and water content on the droplet size has been studied. The interfacial tension and thermodynamic properties of the individual and the blended emulsifiers were investigated. Droplet size of the prepared nanoemulsions was determined by dynamic light scattering and the nanoemulsion stability was assessed by measuring the variation of the droplet size as a function of time. From the results obtained, it was found that the mean droplet size was formed between 49.5 and 190 nm depending on the HLB value, surfactant concentration and water content of the blended emulsifiers.

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Surfactant-Oil-Water Systems Near the Affinity Inversion. XII. Emulsion Drop Size Versus Formulation and Composition

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

Formation of tetradecane nanoemulsion by low-energy emulsification methods

Formation of tetradecane nanoemulsion by low-energy emulsification methods

Tunable Pickering emulsions with polymer-grafted lignin nanoparticles (PGLNs)

Investigating Factors Affecting Water‐In‐Diesel Fuel Nanoemulsions

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