Surfactants identified in synovial fluid and their ability to act as boundary lubricants.

Hills, B. A.; Butler, Bruce D

doi:10.1136/ard.43.4.641

Cited by 152 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The boundary-lubricating ability of PRG4 is associated with its large central mucinlike domain (43), which is present in various forms of PRG4 with MW Ͼϳ220 kd (25); therefore, an ϳ345-kd form of PRG4 was prepared from conditioned media and used. Finally, DPPC was chosen since it is the major component of SAPL in SF (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of the lipids in human SF are phospholipids, the concentration of which ranges from ϳ0.1 mg/ml to ϳ0.2 mg/ml in normal individuals, increases in osteoarthritis to ϳ0.2-0.3 mg/ml (28), and can decrease following traumatic injury to ϳ0.02-0.08 mg/ml (33). While most phospholipids are surface active, dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is particularly so and is the most abundant form present in SF at ϳ45% (6,34).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Boundary lubrication of articular cartilage: Role of synovial fluid constituents

Schmidt

Gastelum

Nguyen

et al. 2007

Arthritis & Rheumatism

480

510

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Objective. To determine whether the synovial fluid (SF) constituents hyaluronan (HA), proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), and surface-active phospholipids (SAPL) contribute to boundary lubrication, either independently or additively, at an articular cartilage-cartilage interface.Methods. Cartilage boundary lubrication tests were performed with fresh bovine osteochondral samples. Tests were performed using graded concentrations of SF, HA, and PRG4 alone, a physiologic concentration of SAPL, and various combinations of HA, PRG4, and SAPL at physiologic concentrations. Static ( static, Neq ) and kinetic (< kinetic, Neq >) friction coefficients were calculated.Results. Normal SF functioned as an effective boundary lubricant both at a concentration of 100% (< kinetic, Neq > ‫؍‬ 0.025) and at a 3-fold dilution (< kinetic, Neq > ‫؍‬ 0.029). Both HA and PRG4 contributed independently to a low in a dose-dependent manner. Values of < kinetic, Neq > decreased from ϳ0.24 in phosphate buffered saline to 0.12 in 3,300 g/ml HA and 0.11 in 450 g/ml PRG4. HA and PRG4 in combination lowered further at the high concentrations, attaining a < kinetic, Neq > value of 0.066. SAPL at 200 g/ml did not significantly lower , either independently or in combination with HA and PRG4. Conclusion. The results described here indicate that SF constituents contribute, individually and in combination, both at physiologic and pathophysiologic concentrations, to the boundary lubrication of apposing articular cartilage surfaces. These results provide insight into the nature of the boundary lubrication of articular cartilage by SF and its constituents. They therefore provide insight regarding both the homeostatic maintenance of healthy joints and pathogenic processes in arthritic disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Boundary lubrication of articular cartilage: Role of synovial fluid constituents

Schmidt

Gastelum

Nguyen

et al. 2007

Arthritis & Rheumatism

480

510

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This reduction of friction at the ventral surface could be a direct result of the observed well-ordered lipid monolayer acting as a lubricating layer [57]. In fact, studies of friction between vertebrate joints have revealed that adsorbed monolayers of synovial surfactants act as boundary lubricants reducing the coefficient of kinetic friction between joints [58]. In addition, lipids extracted from synovial fluid exhibit excellent anti-wear properties [59,60].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of a molecular boundary lubricant at snakeskin surfaces

Baio

Spinner

Jaye

et al. 2015

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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During slithering locomotion the ventral scales at a snake's belly are in direct mechanical interaction with the environment, while the dorsal scales provide optical camouflage and thermoregulation. Recent work has demonstrated that compared to dorsal scales, ventral scales provide improved lubrication and wear protection. While biomechanic adaption of snake motion is of growing interest in the fields of material science and robotics, the mechanism for how ventral scales influence the friction between the snake and substrate, at the molecular level, is unknown. In this study, we characterize the outermost surface of snake scales using sum frequency generation (SFG) spectra and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) images collected from recently shed California kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae) epidermis. SFG's nonlinear optical selection rules provide information about the outermost surface of materials; NEXAFS takes advantage of the shallow escape depth of the electrons to probe the molecular structure of surfaces. Our analysis of the data revealed the existence of a previously unknown lipid coating on both the ventral and dorsal scales. Additionally, the molecular structure of this lipid coating closely aligns to the biological function: lipids on ventral scales form a highly ordered layer which provides both lubrication and wear protection at the snake's ventral surface.

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“…Under normal biological conditions, the coefficient of friction is only 0.001 to 0.006 and wear is nearly zero because of the special tribologic properties of cartilage and synovial fluid [27]. Boundary lubrication is thought to be provided by surface-active phospholipid (SAPL) complexed with lubricin and hyaluronic acid, which allows for load-bearing capacities for the joint [28,29]. Lubricin, a component found to be plentiful in synovial fluid, is thought to be the lubricating molecule that facilitates the gliding motion of joints [30].…”

Section: Synovial Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synovial Lining and Synovial Fluid Properties after Joint Arthroplasty

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The lubrication of the cartilaginous structures in human joints is provided by a fluid from a specialized layer of cells at the surface of a delicate tissue called the synovial lining. Little is known about the characteristics of the fluids produced after a joint arthroplasty procedure. A literature review was carried out to identify papers that characterized the synovial lining and the synovial fluids formed after total hip or knee arthroplasty. Five papers about synovial lining histology and six papers about the lubricating properties of the fluids were identified. The cells making up the re-formed synovial lining, as well as the lining of interface membranes, were similar to the typical Type A and B synoviocytes of normal joints. The synovial fluids around joint replacement devices were typically lower in viscosity than pre-arthroplasty fluids but the protein concentration and phospholipid concentrations tended to be comparable, suggesting that the lining tissue function was preserved after arthroplasty. The widespread, long-term success of joint arthroplasty suggests that the lubricant formed from implanted joint synovium is adequate for good clinical performance in the majority of joints. The role the fluid plays in component wear or failure is a topic for future study. OPEN ACCESSLubricants 2015, 3 395

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Surfactants identified in synovial fluid and their ability to act as boundary lubricants.

Cited by 152 publications

References 33 publications

Boundary lubrication of articular cartilage: Role of synovial fluid constituents

Boundary lubrication of articular cartilage: Role of synovial fluid constituents

Evidence of a molecular boundary lubricant at snakeskin surfaces

The Synovial Lining and Synovial Fluid Properties after Joint Arthroplasty

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